Establishment and Maintenance of the Barley Inflorescence Meristem

大麦花序分生组织的建立和维持

• 批准号: 468042975
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thorsten Schnurbusch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Züchtungsforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/468042975?language=en
• 关键词: Establishment; Maintenance; Barley; Inflorescence; Meristem

Plant stem cells represent undifferentiated meristematic tissue destined to divide and to provide growth postembryonically. During growth and development specified cell lineages further differentiate, ultimately forming organs and the entire plant. The embryo-derived root apical meristem (RAM) and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are the first plant meristems formed. Depending on environmental and positional cues, cells from the SAM adopt strategies to specify so called secondary meristems, thereby shaping overall above-ground plant architecture. The first reproductive meristem, i.e. inflorescence meristem (IM), provides the foundation for all floral variation. Intriguingly, in all of these early developmental events of patterning and morphogenesis, hormonal regulation in concerted action together with transcriptional regulators drive development; in fact, one of such important regulators belongs to the family of homeodomain (HD) containing WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) proteins that define various roles during stem cell niche patterning, cell division and organ formation.In cereal crops IM establishment, maintenance and signaling are not at all well understood, as compared to Arabidopsis. Fundamental knowledge in terms of cellular positioning of the SAM / IM stem cell niche, organizing cells or peripheral zone is completely missing in many important cereal crops including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). If we want to better understand how a barley inflorescence, called spike, is formed, a more fundamental insight into the cellular patterning of the shoot apex is clearly essential.The major working hypothesis of this research project is that barley WOX (HvWOX) genes play an important role during the establishment and maintenance of the barley IM, and that newly evolved and diverged HvWOX gene regulation has occurred in barley (and possibly Triticeae). This project therefore seeks (i) deeper insights into the Triticeae/grass WOX protein phylogeny, (ii) to obtain a refined and cell-resolved transcript analyses of relevant HvWOX and potential stem cell marker genes, (iii) to use HvWOX transgenic reporter lines to check cellular localization as well as cell-to-cell movement, and finally (iv) to characterize mutated HvWOX genes phenotypically.

植物干细胞代表未分化的分生组织，注定要分裂并提供胚后生长。在生长和发育过程中，特定的细胞谱系进一步分化，最终形成器官和整个植物。胚性根顶端分生组织（RAM）和茎顶端分生组织（SAM）是最早形成的植物分生组织。根据环境和位置的线索，来自SAM的细胞采取策略来指定所谓的次生分生组织，从而形成整体的地上植物结构。第一生殖分生组织，即花序分生组织（IM），为所有花的变异提供了基础。有趣的是，在所有这些早期发育的模式和形态发生事件中，激素调节与转录调节因子一起协同作用驱动发育;事实上，这种重要的调节因子之一属于含有WOX的同源结构域（HD）家族（WUSCHEL相关同源框）蛋白，其在干细胞小生境形成、细胞分裂和器官形成期间定义各种作用。与拟南芥相比，维持和信号传导根本没有被很好地理解。SAM / IM干细胞龛的细胞定位方面的基本知识，组织细胞或外周区是完全缺失的许多重要的谷类作物，包括大麦（大麦L.）。如果我们想更好地了解大麦花序（称为穗）是如何形成的，那么对茎尖细胞模式的更基本的了解显然是必不可少的。本研究项目的主要工作假设是大麦WOX（HvWOX）基因在大麦IM的建立和维持过程中起着重要作用，并且新进化和分化的HvWOX基因调控已经发生在大麦（可能还有小麦族）中。因此，该项目寻求（i）更深入地了解小麦族/草WOX蛋白质的遗传，（ii）获得相关HvWOX和潜在干细胞标记基因的精细和细胞分辨的转录本分析，（iii）使用HvWOX转基因报告细胞系检查细胞定位以及细胞到细胞的运动，最后（iv）表征突变的HvWOX基因的表型。