Collaborative QEIB Research: Spatio-Temporal Models of Species Distributions and Biodiversity at High Resolution - Integrating Climate and Population Responses

了解地球上物种的分布和生物多样性的模式是生态学和地理学的核心问题。这个问题的关键是了解现在，过去和未来的气候如何在空间和时间上驱动生物模式。该项目将侧重于开发贝叶斯分层统计模型，该模型将模式和过程整合到许多层面，从生物种群到物种再到区域气候。世界正处于气候变化的特殊阶段，这将推动物种分布模式发生潜在的巨大变化。许多科学家指出了一个迫在眉睫的保护危机。南部非洲提供了一个案例研究，在那里情况尤其如此。然而，目前掌握的工具不足以提供足够的预测能力（及其不确定性），并具有足够的空间分辨率，以了解、规划和解决危机。 这项研究将集中在预测和解释植物物种分布（特别是Proteaceae家庭）在南非的开普植物区系（CFR），使用植物分布和性能的数据，以通知在区域一级的气候尺度缩小。它将利用气候数据来了解物种如何应对气候变化。CFR是一个具有高度多样性和地理分化水平的地区，并有详细的气候和物种分布记录。 将开发新的统计模型来预测和解释物种丰度和种群水平的表现，并改进对最近过去和不久的将来气候的预测。对该系统特定过程的洞察，以及我们开发的模型和工具，将广泛适用于理解世界其他地方的其他系统。 该项目为学生和博士后在生态学，气候学，统计学和建模的跨学科培训提供了一个独特的机会。 它将为服务不足的学生制定一个积极的招聘和保留计划，并将与美国-南非联系，重点关注生物多样性和气候变化问题，培养K-12教育推广计划。

Understanding the distribution of species and patterns of biodiversity across the earth is a central problem in ecology and biogeography. Key to this problem is understanding how present, past and future climate may drive biological patterns spatially and temporally. This project will focus on developing Bayesian hierarchical, statistical models that integrate pattern and process across many levels, from populations of organisms to species to regional climates. The world is in an extraordinary phase of climate change that will drive potentially dramatic changes in species distribution patterns. Many scientists have pointed to a looming conservation crisis. Southern Africa provides a case study where this is especially true. Yet the tools currently at hand are inadequate for providing sufficient predictive power (and uncertainties thereof) with sufficient spatial resolution to understand, plan for and address the crisis. This study will concentrate on predicting and explaining plant species distributions (especially for the Proteaceae family) in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, using data on plant distributions and performances to inform the downscaling of climate at a regional level. It will use the climate data to learn how species respond to changing climate. The CFR is a region with exceptionally high diversity and levels of geographic differentiation and with detailed climate and species distribution records. Novel statistical models will be developed to predict and explain species abundances and population-level performances, and refine forecasts for recent past and near future climates. The insight gained on the processes specific to this system, as well as the models and tools we develop, will be broadly applicable to understanding other systems elsewhere in the world. This project provides a unique opportunity for trans-disciplinary training of students and post-doctoral associates in ecology, climatology, statistics, and modeling. It will developed an active recruiting and retention program for underserved students, and will cultivate a K-12 educational outreach program, with US-South African linkages, that focuses on issues of biodiversity and climate change.