Inventories of anthropogenic carbon and their variability in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 1984-2010

南大洋的大西洋部分是形成海底、深水和中间水的关键区域。因此，它是经向翻转环流的一个重要组成部分，也是大气气体的一个重要汇。在南极底水（AABW）和南极中间水（AAIW）形成过程中，与气候相关的人为碳（can）在大气界面被吸收并从大气中输出。反过来，这些水域的形成受到气候变化的影响。尽管它们很重要，但该地区的AABW和AAIW的库存和相关形成率尚不清楚，对时间变异性的估计也相当不确定。这一建议的主要目的是：1。基于封闭箱（2008-2010年）的瞬态示踪剂（CFC）数据，确定大西洋南大洋，特别是AABW和AAIW的Cant库存，并将结果与1984年开始的示踪剂数据的库存估算进行比较。2. 将基于CFC的方法计算的can库存与基于“经典”方法（ΔC*，线性回归等）计算的can库存进行比较。3. 计算大西洋南大洋AABW和AAIW的形成速率（2008-2010年闭框数据）及其变化（1984年以来），并量化向南大西洋、德雷克海峡和向东穿越本初子午线的出口速率。应用新开发的最大熵反演方法确定了AABW和AAIW的空间起源和传输时间尺度，并与“经典”瞬态示踪方法进行了比较。

The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is a key area for the formation of bottom, deep and intermediate water. It is, hence, an important component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation and a significant sink for atmospheric gases. Climate relevant anthropogenic carbon (Cant) is taken up at the atmospheric interface and exported from the atmosphere during Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) formation. In turn, formation of these waters are influenced by climate change. Despite their importance, Cant inventories and related formation rates of AABW and AAIW in that area are not well known, and estimates of the temporal variability are quite uncertain. The major aims of this proposal are 1. to determine the Cant inventories in the Atlantic Southern Ocean, especially in AABW and AAIW, based on transient tracer (CFC) data from a closed box (2008-2010), and to compare the results with inventory estimates from tracer data starting in 1984. 2. compare the Cant inventories calculated with the CFC based methods with Cant inventories based on “classical” methods (ΔC*, linear regression, etc.). 3. to calculate formation rates of AABW and AAIW in the Atlantic Southern Ocean (closed box data, 2008-2010) and their changes (since 1984) and to quantify export rates into the South Atlantic, into Drake Passage, and towards the east across the Prime Meridian. 4. to apply a newly developed method of maximum entropy inversion to determine the spatial origin and the transit time scales of AABW and AAIW and the related Cant inventories and to compare the results with “classical” transient tracer methods.