DISS. RESEARCH: War and the Production of Knowledge: The Technologies of Triage and the Restructuring of American Military and Medical Inst. During and After the 1st World War

战争和知识的生产：第一次世界大战期间和之后的分类技术和美国军事和医疗机构的重组大卫·j·卡鲁索康奈尔大学科学与技术研究系智力功绩士兵不拥有自己的身体：他们的身体属于国家。当士兵在战争中受伤时，军队医务人员陷入了服务于两个主人的境地：他们要对士兵的健康负责，也要对军队的健康负责。在整个第一次世界大战期间，军队和医务人员被迫就如何治疗受伤的士兵达成协议。士兵成为两种不同制度之间冲突的场所，每一种制度都有自己的知识生产形式，以及自己对知识的概念和要求。通过检查分诊技术——对受伤和生病的士兵进行分类、分类和治疗的过程——以及军队和医务人员之间关于士兵应该如何分类和将如何分类的冲突，这个项目将增强我们对第一次世界大战期间和之后美国军队和医疗机构发生的转变的理解。更一般地说，该项目将展示机构间环境对知识生产的影响。这项NSF资助将提供访问美国档案的机会，以便调查战时士兵练习和接受医疗护理的第一手资料。这种研究将能够评估以医学形式进行科学实践的方式以及如何在机构间环境中使用技术。这些条件促进了新的发现和创新，然后可以分别适用于军事和医疗机构。该项目将深入了解必须如何调整军事和医疗实践及目标，以使每个机构的代表之间能够进行合作。更广泛的影响这样的工作将揭示科学（医学）在为两个强大的政治机构服务时的实践方式。科学与其他强大的、形式化的机构（如法律）相互作用的方式，以及像军队这样强大的机构影响科学目标的方式，受到了很多关注。但是，上述两个案例都没有涉及在另一个机构权威的监视下发展和实践的科学。

War and the Production of Knowledge: The Technologies of Triage and the Restructuring of American Military and Medical Institutions during and after the First World WarDavid J. CarusoDepartment of Science and Technology StudiesCornell UniversityIntellectual Merit Soldiers do not own their bodies: their bodies belong to the state. When a soldierbecomes injured during wartime, military medical personnel are trapped in the position ofserving two masters: they are responsible for the health of the soldier as well as the health of the military establishment. Military and medical personnel were forced to come to an agreement about how to treat injured soldiers throughout the First World War. The soldier became the site of conflict between two different institutions, each of which had its own forms of knowledge production and its own conceptions of, and requirements for, that knowledge. By examining the technologies of triage-the process of sorting, categorizing, and treating injured and ill soldiers-and the conflict that arose between military and medical personnel over how soldiers should and would be classified, this project will enhance our understanding of the transformations that occurred in the American military and medical institutions during and after World War One. More generally, the project will demonstrate the effects that inter-institutional settings have on the production of knowledge.This NSF grant will provide the opportunity to visit archives in the United States in order to investigate the first-hand accounts of soldiers practicing and receiving medical care during wartime. Such research will allow for assessment of the ways in which science, in the form of medicine, was practiced and how technologies were used in inter-institutional settings. Those conditions promoted new discoveries and innovations that could then be adapted for use by military and medical institutions separately. This project will offer insights into the ways in which military and medical practices and goals had to be adapted to allow for cooperation between the representatives of each institution.Broader Impacts Such work will shed light on the way that science (medicine) is practiced when in theservice of two powerful political institutions. Much attention has been paid to the ways in which science interacts with other powerful, formalized institutions like the law, as well as to the ways that powerful institutions like the military can influence scientific goals. But neither of the above-mentioned cases deals with science being developed and practiced under the watchful gaze of another institution's authority.