Doctoral Dissertation Research: Consequences in Context: Labor Market Effects of Entry into Marriage and Cohabitation for Men and Women in Comparative Perspective

帕特里夏·A·麦克马纳克劳迪娅·盖斯特印第安纳大学婚姻是否有助于男性的职业生涯，却损害了女性的职业生涯？这篇论文填补了一个重要的经验空白，通过更仔细地研究婚姻在不同背景下对男性和女性的不同意义。研究人员重点关注婚姻状况对工资和工作时间的影响，这两个因素都是当代社会不平等的重要来源。这项研究使用跨国家的视角，从性别、家庭和不平等的交叉点上解决了三个具体的研究问题：(1)劳动力市场结果的婚姻状况差异如何在跨国之间变化？(2)社会背景，特别是经济和人口环境，如何影响国家内和国家之间的总结婚率？(3)婚姻状况的变化如何影响女性和男性的劳动力市场结果，以及这种影响的跨国差异可以在多大程度上由选择性、经济和人口背景的差异来解释？分析将基于美国、瑞典和德国跨越15年的高质量小组数据，使我能够更深入地了解婚姻和同居的社会制度与劳动力市场结果之间的因果关系。这项研究着眼于国家背景以及经济和人口环境的作用，测试了美国研究结果的概括性，并测试了所提出的将婚姻状况与劳动力市场结果联系起来的个人层面机制的背景敏感性，强调了政策制度的潜在作用。广泛影响：本论文研究将提供第一个系统的跨国调查，研究与婚姻相关的职业处罚或保费的性别差异如何取决于社会背景。这一结果将进一步发展性别分层和家庭社会学领域的经验知识和理论。这项研究还将对宏观结构和个人结果之间的联系提供重要的见解，这将有助于社会学知识的一般体系，但也与整个研究界相关。家庭和地区研究侧重于处于不同发展水平的经合组织国家的研究人员S将能够利用这项研究来了解连接家庭、工作和不平等的社会内部过程。这项研究还强调了家庭的角色在不同国家之间的差异。具体地说，它展示了在塑造婚姻状况对个人经济结果的影响方面，政策包如何与结构背景相互作用。这对于更好地理解婚姻制度、同居的作用以及在美国和全世界实现性别平等的前景至关重要。

SES-0525873Patricia A. McManusClaudia GeistIndiana UniversityDoes marriage help men's work careers, while harming the careers of women? This dissertation fills an essential empirical gap by taking a closer look at how marriage matters differently for men and women in a variety of contexts. The investigators focus on the effect of marital status on wages and work schedule, each important sources of inequality in contemporary societies. Using a cross-national perspective the study addresses three specific research questions at the intersection of gender, family and inequality: (1) How do the marital status differences in labor market outcomes vary cross-nationally for men and women?, (2) How does societal context, in particular the economic and demographic environment, affect aggregate rates of marriage within and across countries?, and (3) How do changes in marital status affect labor market outcomes for women and men, and to what extent can cross-national variation in this effect be explained by variation in selectivity, economic and demographic context? Analyses will be based on high quality panel data from the United States, Sweden and Germany spanning a 15-year time period, and allow me to gain more insight in the causal factors relating the social institutions of marriage and cohabitation to labor market outcomes. Focusing on the role of national context, as well as economic and demographic environment, this study tests the generalizability of US findings and tests the context sensitivity of proposed individual level mechanisms linking marital status and labor market outcomes, emphasizing the potential role of policy regimes.Broader Impacts: This dissertation research will provide the first systematic cross-national investigation of how gender differences in the career penalties or premiums associated with marriage depend on societal context. The results will further empirical knowledge and theory development within the areas of gender stratification and the sociology of the family. This study will also provide important insights into the link between macro-level structures and individual outcomes that will contribute to the general body of sociological knowledge but are also relevant for the research community at large. Family and area studies researchers focusing on OECD countries at different level s of development will be able to use this study to inform their understanding of the intra-societal processes linking family, work, and inequality. The study also highlights how the role of the family can vary cross-nationally. Specifically, it shows how policy packages interact with structural context in shaping the effect of marital status on individuals' economic outcomes. This is crucial for a better understanding of the institution of marriage, the role of cohabitation, and the prospects for gender equality in the United States and across the world.