AOC-Third Generation Globalization and Systems of Human Capital Development

科学与工程的发展(S和E)人力资本正在经历深刻的变化，这是企业全球化、通信技术进步以及美国和新兴经济体地缘政治政策变化的结果。一个由更紧密耦合的要素和更复杂的相互作用组成的全球人力资本发展体系正在形成。“流动”不再是单向的，人力资本流向美国，先进的创新几乎完全来自美国、欧洲和日本。相反，S人力资本流动的新模式和S活动的地点，正在挑战让这些国家占据主导地位的长期模式。长期以来，美国S员工队伍的增长和该国的高创新水平一直受益于新兴工业化经济体高才华人才的流入。这些资金的流入是因为美国的公司和大学里有很多世界尖端的科学和工程人才。有迹象表明，美国的这种优势正在减弱。新出现的移民模式和对S公司工作地点的地理限制的缓解，引发了人们对美国是否有能力保持领先的S公司员工队伍，从而保持其目前在科学和工程领域的领先地位的担忧。如今，由公司、政府和教育机构组成的全球体系塑造了S&安永的劳动力发展和尖端科学与工程，而这一体系反过来又塑造了个体参与者、教育管理人员、工人和学生本身的决策。一个由组织、工程、商业、教育政策、移民和人口以及劳动力市场研究人员组成的跨学科团队将研究这一新兴的全球体系。这个项目由三个部分组成。第一部分扩展了项目团队目前对美国、欧洲和日本跨国公司向新兴经济体转移高水平工程工作的研究。在这项研究的基础上，PIs考察了知识工作全球化对美国公司战略和人力资本开发投资的影响。这包括知识工作地点的变化对大学/行业合作和劳动力发展系统的影响。第二部分是基于对美国和国际数据来源的详细分析，对科学和工程劳动力中的移民流动以及S公司员工的全国就业和工资趋势进行了行业/职业分析。一个关键问题是，S工作的全球化如何影响S培训的工人的需求和供应。第三部分侧重于理工科研究生领域的大学招生趋势和招聘战略，其基础是任职人数不足的群体参与理工科和劳动大军的工作。更广泛的影响。这些项目有助于制定一个全球人力资本发展框架，其中包括移民流动和教育系统，并特别侧重于知识型工人和S与安永活动的地点。该项目通过审查科学和工程队伍发展的条件、政策和做法、可增加科学和工程领域代表性不足人口数量的政策和做法以及教育和人力资源政策，解决科学界和整个社会长期关注的社会问题。这项研究还将美国S研究生项目的外国学生入学人数下降放在了一个更广泛、更全球化的框架内。

SBE-0527584Harold SalzmanBeatriz ClewellLeonard LynnUrban InstituteThe development of science and engineering (S&E) human capital is undergoing profound change as a result of corporate globalization, advances in communications technologies, and geopolitical policy changes in the U.S. and in emerging economies. A global system of human capital development, composed of more closely coupled elements and more complex interactions is developing. No longer are "flows" unidirectional, with human capital flowing to the U.S. and advanced innovation emanating almost exclusively from the U.S., Europe, and Japan. Instead, new patterns of S&E human capital flows and location of S&E activities are challenging the longstanding patterns that gave these nations a predominant position. Growth of the U.S. S&E workforce, and the country's high levels of innovation, have long benefited from in-flows of highly talented people from newly industrializing economies. These inflows were attracted by the location of much of the world's leading-edge science and engineering in firms and universities in the United States. There are signs that this U.S. advantage is declining. Emerging patterns of immigration and easing geographic constraints on the location of S&E work are evoking concern about the ability of the U.S. to maintain a leading S&E workforce, and thus to maintain its current leadership in science and engineering. S&E workforce development and leading-edge science and engineering are now shaped by a global system of firms, governments, and educational institutions that, in turn, shape the decision making of individual actors, the educational administrators, workers, and students themselves. A cross-disciplinary team of organizational, engineering, business, education policy, immigration and population, and labor market researchers will examine this emerging global system. This project is composed of three components. The first component extends the project team's current research on the transfer of high level engineering work by U.S., European, and Japanese multinationals to emerging economies. In building on this research, the PIs examine the impact of knowledge work globalization on U.S. corporate strategies and on investment in human capital development. This includes the impact of changes in the location of knowledge work on university/industry collaborations and work force development systems. The second component is an industry/occupation analysis of immigrant flows in the science and engineering workforce as well as national employment and wage trends for S&E workers, building on a detailed analysis of U.S. and international data sources. A key question is how the globalization of S&E work is affecting the demand for, and supply of S&E trained workers. The third component focuses on university enrollment trends and recruitment strategies in graduate science and engineering fields, building on work on the participation of underrepresented groups in the science and engineering pipeline and workforce. Broader Impacts. The projects contribute to the development of a framework of global human capital development that includes migration flows and education systems, with a specific focus on knowledge workers and the location of S&E activities. The project addresses social issues of longstanding concern to the scientific community and of society in general by examining the conditions, policies, and practices in the development of the science and engineering workforces, policies, and practices that could increase the numbers of underrepresented populations in the science and engineering fields, and education and human resource policies. The study also places in a broader, more global framework, the recent declines in foreign student enrollments in U.S. S&E graduate programs.