HSD: Remaking the Apartheid City

该项目将使用最先进的地理信息系统（GIS）和空间分析方法，结合广泛的定性实地研究，研究南非三个高密度特大城市——约翰内斯堡、开普敦和德班——后种族隔离时期基础设施发展的影响。这个项目解决了一个核心问题——如果南非种族隔离城市是为种族隔离而规划的，那么后种族隔离城市是否可以为融合而规划？一个由社会、物理和空间科学家组成的跨学科团队带来了一个多维视角来研究在高度不确定和不平等的环境中计划干预的变革性影响。南非的经验提供了一个重要的试验案例，证明一个高能力国家有能力成为变革的推动者，有能力扭转过去积累的不平等现象。混合方法研究将在三年内分两个阶段进行。第一阶段将包括收集和分析三个特大城市的基础设施发展、经济发展和种族隔离方面的空间数据。将收集从1991年至今的数据- -作为标志着种族隔离最严重和种族隔离合法化结束的基线。对于这三个城市中的每一个，地理参考人口普查数据将与基础设施、经济和种族数据相结合，生成种族和经济隔离的三个时间点的地图。将确定重要整合和排斥的地方领域，这将在第二阶段进行进一步研究，即定性分析。这一定性研究部分包括对新整合领域和新排斥领域的案例研究，以及焦点小组（包括顾问、规划师、政治家和活动家）讨论四个宏观变量的影响：历史遗产、全球化、精英权力和治理制度。更广泛的影响。这个项目建立和培养了一个跨学科的团队和研究人员社区。研究团队汇集了一系列学科，项目的设计需要跨学科的方法、概念和观点的整合。该项目将开发一个详细的、空间参考的后种族隔离城市社会地理数据集，这些数据集将可供公众访问和获取。研究结果将对发展、民主化、城市研究、种族和族裔研究以及自然和环境规划等领域的广泛科学家产生影响。社区领导人、城市官员和政治家将参与并受益于该项目的数据和结果。项目数据集、结果和城市的GIS地图将在一个网站上公布。研究结果还将通过一系列研讨会、论文和手稿在美国和南非广泛传播。最后，布朗大学、麻省理工学院和南非的研究生将获得广泛的跨学科实践研究机会，布朗大学和麻省理工学院的学生将从基于该项目结果的课程中受益。

SBE-0527667Patrick HellerBrown UniversityThis project will use state-of-the-art Geographical Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis methods in conjunction with extensive qualitative field research to study the impact of infrastructural development in the post-apartheid period in South Africa's three high-density megacities: Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban. This project addresses a central question--if the South African apartheid city was planned for segregation, can the post-apartheid city be planned for integration? An interdisciplinary team of social, physical and spatial scientists brings a multidimensional perspective to investigate the transformative effects of planned intervention in a highly uncertain and unequal environment. The South African experience provides a critical test case of the ability of a high capacity state to be an agent of change, capable of reversing the accumulated inequalities of the past. Mixed methods research will be conducted in two stages over three years. The first stage will involve collection and analysis of spatial data on infrastructural development, economic development, and racial segregation from the three megacities. Data will be collected from 1991 - as a baseline that marks the height of segregation and the end of legalized apartheid - to the present. For each of the three cities, georeferenced census data will be combined with infrastructural, economic, and racial data to produce maps at three time points of racial and economic segregation. Local areas of significant integration and exclusion will be identified, which will be further studied in the second stage, a qualitative analysis. This qualitative research component includes case studies of new areas of integration and new areas of exclusion and focus groups (with consultants, planners, politicians, and activists) to discuss the effects of four macro variables: historical legacies, globalization, elite power and governance regime. Broader Impacts. This project builds and nurtures an interdisciplinary team and community of researchers. The research team brings together a range of disciplines and the design of the project requires cross-disciplinary integration of methods, concepts and perspectives. The project will develop a detailed, spatially referenced data set on the social geography of the post-apartheid city that will be accessible and publicly available. The research findings will speak to a wide range of scientists in the areas of development, democratization, urban studies, race and ethnic studies and physical and environmental planning. Community leaders, city officials and politicians will be involved in and benefit from the data and results of this project. The project data set, results, and GIS maps of the cities will be posted on a website. Results will also be diffused broadly both in the US and in South Africa through a series of workshops, papers, and a manuscript. Finally, graduate students at Brown, MIT and in South Africa will be offered a wide range of hands-on interdisciplinary research opportunities, and students at Brown and MIT will benefit from a course based on the results of this project.