Heterogeneity and Resilience of Human-Rangifer Systems: A Circumpolar Social-Ecological Synthesis

人类-驯鹿系统是指在区域尺度上，人类利用驯鹿的生态-社会过程的集合。这些过程包括生物物理相互作用、社会经济动态、社会机构和组织在塑造人类适应方面的作用。这些系统中的弹性是指对单个或多个组件的干扰量，可以在不改变替代领域的情况下进行调节。该项目的总体目标是提高对区域人类-驯鹿系统对全球变化力量的相对恢复力和适应性的理解，并得出关于其功能特性作为北极系统关键方面的一般性命题。本研究的弹性超越了过去的研究中考虑的人类-驯鹿系统的区域分析，以解决整个环北极地区的驱动因素和响应中存在的异质性。这一环北极综合报告对北美和俄罗斯的六个区域案例研究进行了比较回顾性分析。该项目制定了一个概念框架，用于衡量和评估人类-驯鹿系统三个组成部分的复原力：生态过程、社会经济过程和体制过程。此外，将开发和模拟简单的综合模型，以检查每个子组件过程的相互作用，以及在耦合的社会生态系统的恢复力。该项目是第一个提供人类-驯鹿系统的异质性和复原力的全面综合的项目，也是第一个预测适应驱动因素变化和提高环北极人类-驯鹿系统复原力的方法的项目。

AbstractThe Human-Rangifer System is defined at the regional scale as the set of ecological-social processes underlying the human use of Rangifer. These processes include bio-physical interactions, socio-economic dynamics, the role of social institutions and organizations in shaping human adaptation. Resilience in these systems is the amount of disturbance to individual or multiple components that can be accommodated without change to alternative domains. The overarching goal of this project is to improve understanding of the relative resilience and adaptability of regional Human-Rangifer Systems to forces of global change, and to derive generalized propositions about their functional properties as critical aspects of the Arctic System. This study of resilience goes beyond the regional analyses of Human-Rangifer Systems considered in past studies, to address the heterogeneity present in the drivers and responses found across the circumpolar North. This circum-arctic synthesis undertakes a comparative retrospective analysis of six regional case studies in North America and Russia. The project develops a conceptual framework for measuring and assessing resilience in three components of the Human-Rangifer System: ecological processes, socio-economic processes, and institutional processes. In addition, simple synthesis models will be developed and simulated to examine resilience in each subcomponent process interactions, as well as in the coupled social-ecological system. This project is the first to provide a comprehensive synthesis of heterogeneity and resilience of Human-Rangifer Systems, and the first such project to predict means of accommodating changes in drivers and enhancing resilience of Human-Rangifer systems in the circumpolar North.