Sea Ice Mass Balance in the Antarctic-SIMBA Drift Station

该项目是在国际极地年（2007-2008年）的国际合作背景下，对阿蒙森海和别林斯高晋海海冰覆盖的演变以及冰的质量平衡进行研究。 简单来说，物质平衡是在给定位置的年循环中发生的净冻结和融化。如果冰是静止的，并且每年都完全融化，那么质量平衡将为零。 虽然非零平衡在气候和环境变化问题上具有重要意义，但这一过程本身具有全球性后果，因为季节性冻融循环具有蒸馏地表水的效果。 海洋中的盐被浓缩成盐水，并在冻结过程中从冰中被排斥到更深的层中，而在融化过程中，新释放的相对新鲜的水稳定了表层。 观测计划将在Nathaniel B的漂移计划期间进行。帕尔默说，并通过在海冰上建立的浮标网，将对冰层厚度、温度剖面、大规模变形等特征进行长达一年的测量。 该项目是国际极地年联合委员会在国际上认可的南极海冰方案的一个组成部分。 此外，将部署的浮标已被核可为国际南极年对世界气候研究方案/南极研究科学委员会国际南极浮标方案的贡献。虽然在这一区域已经获得了先前的调查资料，但对海冰质量平衡的季节性和时间序列测量是解释空气-冰-海洋相互作用机制的关键数据。 该网络将包括一个由12个能够进行全球定位系统定位的浮标组成的阵列。三个浮标将配备热敏电阻串和冰雪厚度测量仪以及气压计。 两个浮标将配备气象传感器，包括风速和风向，大气压力和入射辐射。 另外7个浮标将仅具有全球定位系统定位功能，并将部署在距离中心地点约100公里的地方。这些外部浮标将是关键，以捕捉高频运动补充卫星派生的冰运动产品。通过IPAB在国际上承诺增加浮标，并将作为该方案的一部分部署在该区域。该项目将补充德国南极方案在威德尔海和澳大利亚南极方案在东南极洲周围开展的类似项目。 浮标和卫星变形测量结果以及质量平衡测量结果的结合将提供有关海冰热力学和动力学的全面年度数据集，以便与耦合和高分辨率海冰模型进行比较。

This project is a study of the evolution of the sea ice cover, and the mass balance of ice in the Amundsen Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea in the internationally collaborative context of the International Polar Year (2007-2008). In its simplest terms, the mass balance is the net freezing and melting that occurs over an annual cycle at a given location. If the ice were stationary and were completely to melt every year, the mass balance would be zero. While non-zero balances have significance in questions of climate and environmental change, the process itself has global consequences since the seasonal freeze-melt cycle has the effect of distilling the surface water. Oceanic salt is concentrated into brine and rejected from the ice into deeper layers in the freezing process, while during melt, the newly released and relatively fresh water stabilizes the surface layers. The observation program will be carried out during a drift program of the Nathaniel B. Palmer, and through a buoy network established on the sea ice that will make year-long measurements of ice thickness, and temperature profile, large-scale deformation, and other characteristics. The project is a component of the Antarctic Sea Ice Program, endorsed internationally by the Joint Committee for IPY. Additionally, the buoys to be deployed have been endorsed as an IPY contribution to the World Climate Research Program/Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (WCRP/SCAR) International Programme on Antarctic Buoys (IPAB). While prior survey information has been obtained in this region, seasonal and time-series measurements on sea ice mass balance are crucial data in interpreting the mechanisms of air-ice-ocean interaction. The network will consist of an array of twelve buoys capable of GPS positioning. Three buoys will be equipped with thermister strings and ice and snow thickness measurement gauges, as well as a barometer. Two buoys will be equipped with meteorological sensors including wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, and incoming radiation. Seven additional buoys will have GPS positioning only, and will be deployed approximately 100 km from the central site. These outer buoys will be critical in capturing high frequency motion complementary to satellite-derived ice motion products. Additional buoys have been committed internationally through IPAB and will be deployed in the region as part of this program. This project will complement similar projects to be carried out in the Weddell Sea by the German Antarctic Program, and around East Antarctica by the Australian Antarctic Program. The combined buoy and satellite deformation measurements, together with the mass balance measurements, will provide a comprehensive annual data set on sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics for comparison with both coupled and high-resolution sea ice models.