Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Prehispanic Water Management Systems in the Arid Sierra of the Moquegua Valley, Peru

在帕特里夏·麦卡纳尼博士的指导下，克里斯·代顿将在秘鲁南部莫夸加山谷的高海拔荒地上，研究古人在一个极具挑战性的环境中使用的灌溉技术的残留物。2006年夏天，他将从瓦里(公元600-1000年)、河口(公元1300-1500年)和印加(公元1475-1525年)修建的灌渠、农业梯田、水库、淤地坝和其他水管理结构中收集空间、土壤、水力和其他数据。文化。这项研究将通过比较这些古老的文化--特别是幅员辽阔的瓦里州和印加州--如何在恶劣的沙漠塞拉环境中处理类似的工程问题，来补充在莫夸加山谷上游的瓦里人、埃斯图奎纳人和印加人占领的既定顺序。此外，它将通过测试一个有希望但迄今未被使用的概念--行政密度--来加强水管理的考古学，该概念可能代表过去水分配战略的物质关联。最后，该项目将为人类学和考古学研究的最后半个世纪中最重要的主题之一做出贡献：水资源等稀缺资源如何在社会和政治框架内分配。拟议的研究还将为培训、研究和遗产保护方面的国际合作提供机会。帕特里克·R·威廉姆斯(Patrick R.Williams)博士和迈克尔·E·莫斯利(Michael E.Moseley)博士的实地指导将使秘鲁和北美的学生接触到水力考古--研究古代水资源管理--这是考古学中罕见的专业。此外，将与秘鲁国家文化研究所(INC)的一名代表一起进行挖掘，加强北美和秘鲁研究工作之间的联系。此外，这一合作将把拟议的项目与泛安第斯Qhapaq Nan倡议结合起来，该倡议将前西班牙裔工程景观概念化，将其视为值得保护的自然和文化特征的复杂混合体。本项目将研究的梯田、运河和其他考古特征是不可再生的文化资源；尽管它们已经存活了1500年，在发自内心的层面上似乎是安第斯景观永恒、坚不可摧的一部分，但现代发展现在正在以惊人的速度摧毁它们。

Under the supervision of Dr. Patricia McAnany, Chris Dayton will examine remnants of irrigation technology used by ancient people in an extraordinarily challenging setting, the high-altitude badlands in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. In the summer of 2006, he will collect spatial, soil, hydraulic, and other data from irrigation canals, agricultural terraces, reservoirs, check dams, and other water management structures built by the Wari (c. 600-1000 A.D.), Estuquina (c. 1300-1500 A.D.), and Inka (c. 1475-1525 A.D.) cultures. This study will augment the established sequence of Wari, Estuquina, and Inka occupation in the upper Moquegua Valley by comparing how these ancient cultures-particularly the expansive Wari and Inka states-approached similar engineering problems in the harsh desert sierra environment. Furthermore, it will enhance the archaeology of water management by testing a promising but heretofore unused concept, administrative density, that may represent the material correlates of past water allocation strategies. Finally, this project will contribute to one of the most important topics in the last half-century of anthropological and archaeological research: how scarce resources such as water are distributed within social and political frameworks.The proposed study will also provide opportunities for international collaboration in training, research, and heritage preservation. Field supervision by Dr. Patrick R. Williams and Dr. Michael E. Moseley will expose Peruvian and North American students to hydraulic archaeology-the study of ancient water management-a rare specialization within archaeology. In addition, excavations will be conducted in conjunction with a representative of the Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Cultura (INC), strengthening ties between North American and Peruvian research efforts. Further, this collaboration will integrate the proposed project with the pan-Andean Qhapaq Nan initiative, which conceptualizes the Prehispanic engineered landscape as a complex mixture of natural and cultural features worthy of World Heritage protection. The terraces, canals, and other archaeological features to be studied in this project are nonrenewable cultural resources; although they have survived up to 1,500 years, and seem at a visceral level to be a timeless, indestructible part of the Andean landscape, modern development is now destroying them at an alarming rate.