CAREER: Shock-Tube Studies of Ignition and Oxidation Kinetics at Practical Conditions

职业：在实际条件下点火和氧化的激波管研究塞里克·l·彼得森佛罗里达中部大学机械、材料与航空航天工程由于地球人口持续增长，各国工业和技术不断发展，我们对能源的依赖仍然处于世界科学、技术和政治的前沿。虽然几年来一直在寻找替代能源，但所有估计都表明，今后50-100年或更长时间的主要能源将继续来自化学手段。无论是发电还是运输，能源生产的核心都是发动机内部的燃烧过程。例如汽车的内燃机、发电厂的大型燃气涡轮发动机和飞机的喷气发动机。然而，全球和当地对节能、污染和可靠燃料供应的关注使得对更高效、更清洁燃烧的发动机的需求不断增加。这样的需求往往超出了现有燃烧科学和技术的极限。为了满足增加能源生产、燃料灵活性和减少排放的看似矛盾的需求，我们必须在基本燃烧水平和具有代表性的实际设备的条件下了解燃烧过程。这一领域的现代前沿包括燃料在高压下氧化的化学反应，因为大多数发动机在比大气压力大得多的压力下工作。CAREER奖的目标是通过实验研究，更好地了解燃料点火和氧化的化学过程，该实验使用的设备是在实验室环境中重现高温高压发动机条件的理想设备：激波管。像能源生产这样一个重要的全球性课题不仅需要科学研究的进步，而且需要训练有素的人员来进行研究。有世界观的工程师和科学家一定会在国际层面上推动科学的进步。因此，这一职业奖的一个关键方面是学生在德国和爱尔兰等国家参与相关研究。每年夏天，学生将花3个月的时间在主办的国际大学实验室进行研究。在基层，未来科学家和工程师的培养从高中、初中甚至小学开始。让年轻的学生和他们的老师接触科学研究将有助于灌输对科学的兴奋和追求科学研究事业的愿望。这一职业努力包括一个K-12外展部分，其中包括一个由当地教师组成的小组，作为一个咨询委员会，为年轻的学生提供参与工程和科学的想法和计划。事实上，仅这项为期5年的职业奖就能让十几名大学生（其中几名是女性或少数族裔）获得第一手的科研经验。其他许多人将受到思想和资源涌入大学和K-12教室的影响。总之，这一职业努力将获得急需的高压化学动力学数据，并使大学和K-12级别的几名学生接触到科学研究过程。研究的重点是在高达100 atm的压力下，CO/H2和某些低阶碳氢化合物的氧化动力学，重点是在10到30 atm的范围内，温度大约在800到2000 K之间。总体工作分为七个任务：1)设计和建造低温高压激波管；2)进行点火和氧化实验；3)进行动力学建模研究；4)测量关键反应的速率系数；5)整合国际和行业实验室的研究经验；6)启动一项K-12外展计划，鼓励人们从小就对工程研究感兴趣；7)发起一个项目，让本科生全年进行研究。燃烧和等离子体系统项目和国际科学与工程办公室共同资助了这个项目。

CAREER: Shock-Tube Studies of Ignition and Oxidation at Practical ConditionsEric L. PetersenMechanical, Materials & Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaSince the Earths population continues to grow and counties continue to develop industrially and technologically, our reliance on energy resources remains at the forefront of world science, technology, and politics. Although alternative sources of energy have been pursued for several years, all estimates indicate that the major energy sources for the next 50-100 years or more will continue to be from chemical means. At the heart of this production of energy, whether for electricity or transportation, is the combustion process inside of an engine. Examples include internal combustion engines for automobiles, large gas turbine engines for power plants, and jet engines for aircraft. However, global and local concerns regarding energy conservation, pollution, and dependable fuel supplies place an ever-increasing need for more efficient and cleaner-burning engines. Such demands are often beyond the limits of existing combustion science and technology. To meet the seemingly conflicting demands of increased energy production, fuel flexibility, and emissions reduction, we must understand the combustion processes at the fundamental combustion level and at conditions that are representative of practical devices. A modern frontier in this area includes the chemistry of fuel oxidation at elevated pressures since most engines operate at pressures much greater than atmospheric pressure. The goal of this CAREER award is to better understand the chemistry of fuel ignition and oxidation through experimental research using a facility that is ideal for reproducing high-temperature, high-pressure engine conditions in a laboratory environment: a shock tube.An important global topic such as energy production requires not only advances in scientific research, but trained people to carry it out. Engineers and scientists with a worldview will certainly further the advancement of science at an international level. A critical aspect of this CAREER award therefore involves the participation of students in related research abroad in countries such as Germany and Ireland. Each summer, a student will spend 3 months conducting research at the host international university laboratory. At the grassroots level, the development of future scientists and engineers begins at high school, middle school, and even elementary school. Exposing young students and their teachers to scientific research will help to instill the excitement of science and the desire to pursue careers in scientific research. This CAREER effort includes a K-12 outreach component including a panel of local teachers to serve as an advisory committee for ideas and plans for involving students at a young age in engineering and science. In fact, this 5-year CAREER award alone will give more than a dozen university students several being female or of minority status a first-hand experience in scientific research. Many others will be impacted by the proliferation of ideas and resources into university and K-12 classrooms. In summary, this CAREER effort will acquire much-needed, higher-pressure chemical kinetics data and expose several students at both the university and K-12 levels to the scientific research process. The focus of the study will be on the oxidation kinetics of CO/H2 and certain lower-order hydrocarbons at pressures up to 100 atm, with emphasis on the 10-to-30 atm range and temperatures between roughly 800 and 2000 K. The overall effort is divided into seven tasks: 1) design and construction of a low-temperature, high-pressure shock tube; 2) conduct ignition and oxidation experiments; 3) perform kinetics modeling studies; 4) measure rate coefficients of key reactions; 5) incorporate research experiences at international and industry laboratories; 6) launch a K-12 outreach program to encourage interest in engineering research at an early age; and, 7) instigate a program that involves undergraduate students conducting research year round.The Combustion and Plasma Systems Program and the Office of International Science and Engineering cofund this project.