Collective Phases of Two-Dimensional Electronic Matter

*非技术抽象*凝聚态物理研究大量强相互作用粒子的性质。值得注意的事实是，这种多粒子系统所表现出的现象通常是无法预测的，即使对单个组成粒子的性质已经非常清楚了。用现代的话说，凝聚态物质奇特且常常令人惊叹的方面(例如超导)不知何故从大量基本粒子看似无可救药的复杂运动中“显现”出来。因此，整体确实比各部分的总和大得多。这一个人研究人员奖将支持对这一新兴问题的研究。虽然重点将放在与高科技密切相关的先进半导体结构中出现的电子现象上，但要解决的智力问题具有更广泛的意义。除了推进强相互作用凝聚态的知识前沿，这项工作还将直接有助于负责执行这项工作的研究生和博士后的教育和培训。此外，该奖项还将有助于提高国家在重要高科技领域的竞争力这一更大的目标。*技术摘要*这一个人研究人员奖支持对低维结构中强关联电子系统的基本性质的实验研究。这项研究计划有三个主要焦点。首先，将讨论最近发现的双层电子系统中激子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中是否存在超流的问题。其次，核磁共振技术将被用来揭示各种奇异相关电子相的自旋结构，包括单壁碳纳米管中的自旋结构。最后，我们将通过热力学压缩系数的测量，在平衡状态下检验电子关联现象。这些地区中的每一个都有重大发现的时机已经成熟。实验工作将几乎完全由研究生和博士后科学家进行。因此，该项目非常直接地促进了他们的教育和培训，间接地提高了国家在重要高技术领域的竞争力。

*****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Condensed matter physics deals with the properties of large numbers of very strongly interacting particles. The remarkable fact is that the phenomena exhibited by such many-particle systems usually cannot be predicted, even though the properties of the individual constituent particles are extremely well understood. In modern parlance, the bizarre and often stunning aspects of condensed matter (e.g. superconductivity) somehow "emerge" from the seemingly hopelessly complex motion of vast numbers of elementary particles. Thus indeed, the whole is very much more than the sum of its parts. This individual investigator award will support research on precisely this issue of emergence. While the focus will be on electronic phenomena occurring in advanced semiconductor structures which have close connections to high technology, the intellectual questions to be addressed have a broader significance. In addition to advancing the frontier of knowledge of strongly interacting condensed matter, this work will directly contribute to the education and training of the graduate students and postdocs responsible for its execution. By extension, this award will also contribute to the larger goal of enhancing the national competitiveness in important areas of high technology.*****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This individual investigator award supports experimental research on the fundamental properties of strongly correlated electron systems in low dimensional structures. The research program has three main foci. First, the question of whether superfluidity exists in the recently discovered Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons in double layer electron systems will be addressed. Second, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques will be employed to uncover the spin structure of various exotic correlated electron phases, including that in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Finally, electronic correlation phenomena will be examined in equilibrium via measurements of the thermodynamic compressibility. Each of these areas is ripe for significant discoveries. The experimental work will be performed almost exclusively by graduate students and postdoctoral scientists. As such, this project contributes very directly to their education and training and indirectly to the national competitiveness in important areas of high technology.