SGER: IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN TANKS AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES DUE TO HURRICANE KATRINA

《卡特里娜飓风对坦克和工业设施结构破坏的识别》：路易斯·A·戈多波多黎各大学马亚圭兹分校土木工程与测量系，PR 00681-9041摘要。目前，工业结构和储油罐的稳定性评估主要采用计算技术。然而，它们的可靠性应该使用影响真实结构的真实事件的信息来验证。只有在发生严重后果的灾难时才能获得这种信息，例如卡特里娜飓风。对受卡特里娜飓风影响的地区进行实地访问，应该会大大扩大我们现有的清单，并使我们能够更仔细地审查正在制定的更具争议性的结论。对于储罐和其他储存设施的屈曲情况，我们将观察到壳体的屈曲模式，这可以通过照片的方式准确地记录下来。根据该区域记录的模式和风速级别，我们稍后将使用有限元程序进行计算，以估计屈曲时的风速(屈曲荷载)和屈曲时的结构形状(屈曲振型)。观测和预测之间的比较将允许对真实飓风造成的故障机理有更完整的了解，从而可以重建特定的事件序列来解释观测到的故障。所进行的观察将提供证据，以证实国际和平研究所和J·克罗尔教授最近提出的下限方法。我们还将观察和记录建立在软冲积土壤上的坦克的性能，这在受卡特里娜飓风影响的地区很常见。至于受卡特里娜飓风影响的工业楼宇，我们预计大部分情况下会以疲劳破坏模式为主。推进率应该是位置的函数，既与作为系统一部分的面板有关，也与作为社区一部分的系统有关，这些特征将在访问期间观察到。在实地考察期间收集的信息将根据实地最先进的情况进行分类和解释，并将在实地考察后两个月内提供给工程界。更广泛的影响：我们在现场访问期间收集的现场数据将导致对当前动态协议的改进，包括未来试件的最小尺寸、目前尚未很好理解的破坏模式以及循环加载协议本身。它还可能有助于加强采用合理的动态系统评级标准的论据。这项研究还将影响波多黎各大学马亚圭兹分校的土木工程研究生课程。UPRM有一个不断增长的博士项目，在该项目中，受自然灾害影响的结构的行为是一个不可分割的部分。UPRM超过95%的学生是西班牙裔。智力优势：PI和J.Croll教授最近提出了基于减能/减刚度概念的风荷载结构的下限屈曲理论。所进行的观察将为确认下限方法提供证据。这种明确的确认只能是现在才能实现，即办法已经成熟，有一些具体问题需要回答，预计坦克失效机制的重建将有助于解释实地观察到的损害。

SGER: IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN TANKS AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES DUE TO HURRICANE KATRINAPI: Luis A. GodoyDepartment of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, PR 00681-9041Abstract. The assessments of the stability of industrial structures and oil storage tanks is mainly carried out at present using computational techniques. However, their reliability should be validated using information from real events affecting real structures. Such information is only available when a high consequence disaster occurs, as is the case of hurricane Katrina. The site visit to the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina should greatly expand our existing inventories and allow a closer examination of more contentious conclusions being formulated. For the case of buckling of tanks and other storage facilities, we will observe buckling modes in shells, which can be accurately recorded by means of photographs. With the mode and the level of wind speeds recorded in the area, we will later perform computations using our finite element codes to estimate the wind speed at buckling (buckling loads) and the structural shape at buckling (buckling modes). Comparisons between observations and predictions will allow having a more complete understanding of the mechanics of failure due to a real hurricane, so that the specific sequence of events can be reconstructed to explain the observed failures. The observations carried out will provide evidence to confirm the lower bound approach which has been recently proposed by the PI and Prof. J. Croll. We will also observe and document the performance of tanks founded on soft alluvial soils, which are common in the area affected by hurricane Katrina. Structural damage due to poor foundation performance, such as differential settlements, will be recorded.For the case of industrial buildings affected by hurricane Katrina, we expect fatigue modes of failure to be dominant in the majority of cases. The pull-over rate should be a function of location, both in relations to the panel as part of the system and the system as part of the neighborhood, and those features will be observed during the visits. The information gathered during the site visits will be classified and interpreted according to the state of the art in the field, and will be made available to the engineering community within two months following the site visit. Broader impact: The field data collected during our site visit will lead to refinements in the current dynamic protocols, in terms of the minimum size of future specimens, failure modes not well understood at present, and the cyclic load protocol itself. It may also help strengthen the arguments to adopt rational dynamic system rating standards. This research will also impact the graduate program in Civil Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. UPRM has a growing Ph.D. program in which the topic of behavior of structures subjected to natural hazards is an integral part. More than 95% of the students at UPRM are Hispanic.Intellectual merit: The PI and Prof. J. Croll have recently advanced a lower bound buckling theory for wind loaded structures based on reduced energy/reduced stiffness concepts. The observations carried out will provide evidence to confirm the lower bound approach. Such definite confirmation can only be achieved now, that the approach is mature and there are specific questions that need to be answered, and it is expected that the reconstruction of the mechanisms of failure in tanks will shed light on the interpretation of the damage observed in the field.