Global Budgets of Atmospheric Trace Gases

该项目涉及三维化学传输模型模拟和大气观测分析，重点是几种重要的大气痕量气体的全球收支。具体活动将侧重于：（1）汞的全球收支，包括来源、与地表水库的交换以及化学转化，目的是提高我们对人为影响和来源-受体关系的理解;（2）甲醇、丙酮和乙醛的收支及其对大气化学的影响，利用最近和正在进行的飞机活动的测量结果（ICARTT、MILAGRO、INTEX-B）;（3）硫化羰的全球预算，重点是量化源和汇过程，并评估人为影响。该项目将在大气观测分析中结合使用正向和反向建模。根据源和汇的最佳先验估计进行的正向模型模拟将与观测到的浓度统计数据进行比较，以检验对过程的基本理解。逆模型将用于分析汞和OCS预算，以根据大气观测提供的约束条件优化各个预算项的大小，该项目将为研究生提供机会，以获得大气化学模型方法方面的培训。研究结果将通过提高对重要大气过程的基本认识而造福社会。由于与健康有关的问题，汞问题的结果将是有益的。

This project involves 3-dimensional chemical transport model simulations and analysis of atmospheric observations, focusing on the global budgets of several important atmospheric trace gases. Specific activities will focus on:(1) the global budget of mercury including sources, exchange with surface reservoirs, and chemical transformations, with the goal of improving our understanding of anthropogenic influences and source-receptor relationships;(2) the budgets of methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde, and their implications for atmospheric chemistry, making use of measurements from recent and ongoing aircraft campaigns (ICARTT, MILAGRO, INTEX-B); and(3) the global budget of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) with focus on quantifying source and sink processes, and assessing the anthropogenic influence. The project will involve a combination of forward and inverse modeling in the analysis of atmospheric observations. Forward model simulations based on best a priori estimates of sources and sinks will be compared to observed concentration statistics to test the basic understanding of processes. Inverse modeling will be used in the analyses of mercury and OCS budgets to optimize the magnitudes of individual budget terms on the basis of the constraints offered by atmospheric observations.This project will provide opportunities for graduate students to obtain training in the methods of atmospheric chemistry modeling. The results of the study will benefit society by improving the fundamental understanding of important atmospheric processes. The results on mercury will be of benefit because of the health-related concerns.