Doctoral Dissertation Research: Lynching in the U.S. South: Incorporating the Historical Record on Race, Class, and Gender

1882年至1930年间，美国南方有近3000人被处以私刑。社会学家和历史学家长期以来一直对这一现象感兴趣，但社会学家并没有完全将历史见解纳入他们对私刑事件的建模中。该项目借鉴了之前的社会学和历史工作，在私刑的情况下解决了阶级、性别和种族问题。它的创新之处在于，在历史记录中清晰可见的社会阶级划分和性别意识形态的动态变化，在提出的实证分析中得到了更清晰的考虑。研究人员提出了两个主要的研究问题：(1)历史上依赖于种族剥削和分裂的土地精英的存在是否会影响私刑的地理可能性？(2)种族和性别在哪些方面相互交织，从而支持了这些罪行及其正当性？研究人员采用了一种多方法的方法，一种利用独特的定量和定性的历史数据。定量数据来自历史普查和HAL项目。分析用于确定导致私刑总体发生的更广泛的种族竞争和社会阶级进程。在选择案例进行分析时，还考虑到暴力的性别种族主义理由。从乔治亚州、密西西比州、北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的各种档案馆和图书馆中提取的档案材料的定性和定量内容编码，然后用于评估当地媒体和肇事者利用性别、种族和阶级偏见来构建实际私刑事件的方式。这种多方法分析将(1)提高对历史上重要的从属和社会控制方法的理解；(2)谈论和告知阶级的社会学概念以及性别、种族和阶级的交集；(3)揭示了当代种族关系的形成。这个项目将产生三大影响。首先，对本科生进行数据收集和编码方面的培训。这段经历将为社会科学研究提供宝贵的见解。第二，分析将通过社会学期刊和专业会议的出版物向公众提供。最后，该分析有可能为具有当代相关性的种族和犯罪问题提供有价值的见解。事实上，最近的研究表明，当代白人对非裔美国人的谋杀与私刑的历史模式有着积极而显著的联系。研究还表明，即使在当代，死刑判决的数量也更高，而在过去，私刑的使用更为频繁。

SES: 0602619Vincent RoscignoLisa GaroutteOhio State UniversityBetween 1882 and 1930, nearly 3,000 people were lynched in the U.S. South. This phenomenon has been of long standing interest to both sociologists and historians, yet sociologists have not fully incorporated historical insights into their modeling of lynching events. This project, drawing from prior sociological and historical work, addresses issues of class, gender, and race in the case of lynching. It is innovative in so much as the dynamics of social class divisions and gender ideology, clear in the historical record, are more clearly considered in the empirical analyses presented. The researchers ask two primary research questions: (1) Does the presence of a landed elite, historically dependent on racial exploitation and division, affect the geographic likelihood of lynching? (2) In what ways did race and gender intersect and, thus, bolster these crimes and their legitimation? The investigators employ a multi-method approach, one which makes use of unique quantitative and qualitative-historical data. Quantitative data are drawn from the historical census and Project HAL. Analyses are used to identify broader race competition and social class processes that led to the occurrence of lynching in the aggregate. The selection of cases for analyses also takes into account gendered-racist justifications for the violence. Qualitative and quantitative content coding of archival material, drawn from various archives and libraries in Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee are then used to assess the ways in which local media and perpetrators used gender, race and class biases to frame actual lynching events. Such multi-method analyses will (1) improve understanding of an historically important method of subordination and social control; (2) speak to and inform sociological conceptions of class and the intersection of gender, race and class, and; (3) shed light on the formation of contemporary race relations. This project will have three broad impacts. First, undergraduate students will be trained inthe collection and coding of data. This experience will provide valuable insights into what isinvolved in social science research. Second, the analysis will be made available to the public through publication in sociological journals and professional conferences. Finally, the analysis has the potential to provide valuable insights into issues of race and crime that have contemporary relevance. Indeed, recent research indicates that the contemporary murder of African-Americans at the hands of whites is positively and significantly related to historical patterns of lynching. Research also shows that the number of death sentences, even into the contemporary era, is higherwhere lynching was used more frequently in the past.