Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: Seventeenth Century Metallurgy on the Spanish Colonial Frontier: Transformations of Technology, Value and Identity

在David J. Killick博士的监督下，Noah Thomas将调查位于新墨西哥州Bernalillo县Paa-ko （LA 162）遗址内的17世纪早期金属加工设施。Paa-ko是一个位于桑迪亚山脉东侧的大型土坯和砖石村落，拥有悠久的占领历史，包括前殖民时期和殖民时期的组成部分。对金属加工设施的挖掘超过八个实地季节，揭示了多种多样和密集的技术储备，包括铜和铅冶炼技术、贵金属精炼、铜锻造和铁锻造。利用从历史资料、考古调查和材料分析中获得的综合数据，托马斯的研究将调查这些技术在设施的使用寿命中被引入和发展的方式。正在进行的对Paa-ko历史成分的动物、花粉和宏观植物组合的研究表明，欧洲商品和动物的引入与食品加工实践的连续性之间存在复杂的关系。冶金分析也将有助于了解殖民者和土著居民在早期殖民地相遇时的技术转让过程。托马斯的研究将调查美洲原住民和西班牙殖民地冶金学家在新殖民地初期的经济、社会和技术网络中建立新技术所采用的策略。它还将详细调查一项新技术如何在前殖民形式的实践中被采用和纳入。除了有助于对技术转让的人类学理解外，这项研究还将有助于对该地区矿物使用的深刻历史有更全面的了解。西南地区的经济史，从最初的殖民化到目前融入全球经济，一直围绕着开发该地区矿产资源的潜力。这个项目考察了由于欧洲殖民而发生的矿物资源利用的变化。这些主题以下列形式向公众介绍：对Paa-ko附近社区的公开讲座、在挖掘冶金阶地期间为当地社区进行现场参观、为该地区出版的一般性出版物以及为新墨西哥州历史保护办公室编写的技术报告。托马斯的研究成果也将被纳入亚利桑那州立博物馆的一个展览，名为“从史前到现在的宝石和矿物”，将于2007年2月展出。这次展览将向包括亚利桑那州南部k -12年级教育机构在内的不同观众展示该地区矿产开采的深厚历史、社会和经济意义。

Under the supervision of Dr. David J. Killick, Noah Thomas will investigate the early seventeenth century metal working facility located within the site of Paa-ko (LA 162), in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Paa-ko is a large adobe and masonry pueblo located on the east side of the Sandia Mountains with a long history of occupation, including pre-colonial and colonial period components. The excavation of the metal working facility over eight field seasons has revealed a diverse and intensive technological repertoire involving copper and lead smelting technologies, attempts at precious metal refining, copper smithing and iron forging. Using a synthesis of data obtained from historical sources, archaeological investigation and materials analyses, Thomas' research will investigate the ways in which these technologies were introduced and developed over the use life of the facility. Ongoing research into the faunal, pollen and macrobotanical assemblages of the historic component of Paa-ko indicate a complex relationship between the introduction of European goods and animals and a continuity of food processing practices. The metallurgical analysis will also contribute to understanding processes of technology transfer during early colonial encounters between colonists and indigenous populations. Thomas' research will investigate the strategies employed by both Native American and Spanish colonial metallurgists to establish the new technology within the incipient economic, social and technical networks of the new colony. It will also investigate in detail how a new technology becomes adopted and incorporated within pre-colonial forms of practice. In addition to contributing to anthropological understandings of technology transfer, this research will contribute to a more general understanding of the deep history of mineral use in the region. The economic history of the Southwest from initial colonization to its current inclusion in the global economy has revolved around the potential for the exploitation of the region's mineral resources. This project examines the changes in mineral resource use that occurred as the result of European colonization. These themes have been presented to the public in the form of public lectures to communities in vicinity of Paa-ko, in the form of site tours for the local community during the excavation of the metallurgical terrace, in general interest publications for the region, and in technical reports for the State Historic Preservation Office of New Mexico. The results of Thomas' research will also be incorporated into an exhibit at the Arizona State Museum entitled Gems and Minerals from Prehistory to the Present to go on exhibition in February 2007. This exhibit will present the deep history, social and economic significance of mineral exploitation in the region to a diverse audience including K-12th grade education institutions throughout southern Arizona.