Research into religious symbolism in rich graves of the early iron age necropolis of Hallstatt, Upper Austria

哈尔施塔特墓地位于上奥地利州的哈尔施塔特，是欧洲早期铁器时代（“哈尔施塔特时期”，公元前750-430年）的同名遗址，也是最丰富的史前墓地之一。虽然迄今为止，这些坟墓的富裕一直被认为是盐贸易获得繁荣的表现，但本研究项目将采用宗教考古学的方法，并将坟墓物品作为超越时间的宗教概念的表现进行调查。世界的特征、事物的秩序以及向来世的过渡的概念都通过坟墓用品在坟墓中被可视化，这种行为将哈尔施塔特的坟墓与那个时期其他豪华的坟墓（不仅仅是）联系起来。其建设的一个基本先决条件，即不同文化水平的社会之间的联系，对哈尔施塔特来说尤其如此，因为它与各个方向的大多数不同伙伴建立了以盐为基础的商业联系。在其他同时期的豪华坟墓和所谓的“情境艺术”（如战车，研讨会，象形图，编织等）中，哪些相关的宗教和宇宙学主题在哈尔施塔特的个别坟墓中通过坟墓用品，图像，雕塑和符号来表现？在选题的选择和表现方式上，我们能否观察到地方特色？关于哈尔施塔特和其他早期铁器时代社区的宗教思维方式，可以得出哪些结论？

The necropolis at Hallstatt, Upper Austria, is the eponymous site for the Early Iron Age in Europe ("Hallstatt Period", 750-430 B. C.) and one of the richest prehistoric cemeteries. While the opulence of these graves has hitherto been considered the expression of prosperity gained by salt trade, this research project will pursue an approach of religious archaeology and investigate the grave goods as manifestations of time-transcendent religious concepts. Notions of the character of the world, the order of things and the transition to the afterworld were visualised in graves by means of grave goods, a behaviour connecting the Hallstatt tombs to other sumptuous graves (not only) of that period. A fundamental prerequisite for their construction, namely contact between societies of different cultural levels, was particularly true for Hallstatt, because of its salt-based mercantile connections with most different partners in all directions. Which of the relevant religous and cosmological themes, displayed in other contemporaneous sumptuous graves and objects of so-called "situla art" (such as charioteering, symposium, hierogamy, weaving etc.), are represented in individual graves at Hallstatt by means of grave goods, images, sculptures, and symbols? Can we observe local characteristics as to the choice of topics and the mode of their representation? Which conclusions can be drawn with regard to the religious way of thinking at Hallstatt and in other Early Iron Age communities beyond?