Experimental Petrology of Planetary Materials

这个项目的总体目标是了解行星的构成和演化。纵观它们的历史，行星都经过了广泛的化学处理，每一颗行星都有独特的区别。实验室实验被用来研究那些被认为对特殊加工效果负责的液体和固体过程的物理化学。压力是行星内部实验研究中的一个重要维度。行星分异的主要表现是地核分离。除其他外，核和地幔分离后继续进行化学作用的方式取决于非金属在液态外核中的溶解度，以及核-地幔界面的物理化学。该项目将利用高级光源/劳伦斯伯克利实验室以团队模式开发的设备，使研究人员无法在很高的压力下确定非金属在液态铁中的溶解度。微量元素在内核、外核和地幔之间的分配是行星演化过程的有用示踪。由于在平衡体系中，压力通常不是一个自变量，所以痕量元素分配的压力变化通常是不明显的。该项目的目标之一将是利用模型系统Fe-FeS的物理化学中的有利机会来消除一些模糊的现象，首先是Mo和W，这是一对在行为上特别令人讨厌和无法解释的对比，包括它们的表观压力变化。在行星内部的矿物中普遍存在溶液，这使得溶液行为规则成为一个重要的课题。将开展的另一项任务是探索压力对石榴石固体溶液的影响，因为石榴石是可熔成分的重要储存库，在地幔深度部分熔融时，这些成分有助于玄武岩的形成--这是行星分异中最重要的活动。

The general aim of this project is to understand planetary constitution and evolution. Throughout their history, planets are extensively processed chemically and each is uniquely differentiated. Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the physical chemistry of those liquid and solid-state processes thought to be responsible for particular processing effects. Pressure is an important dimension in experimental studies of planetary interiors. The major expression of planetary differentiation is the separation of core and mantle. The means by which the core and mantle continue to interact chemically after their separation depends, among other things, on the solubility of nonmetals in the liquid outer core, and the physical chemistry of the core-mantle interface. This project will make use of equipment developed in team mode at the Advanced Light Source/Lawrence Berkeley Lab, that will unable the investigators to make significant progress in determining nonmetal solubility in liquid Fe at a very high pressure.The partitioning of trace elements among inner core, outer core, and mantle is a useful tracer of the planetary evolutionary process. Pressure variations of trace element partitioning are often obscure because pressure is not usually an independent variable in an equilibrium system. One of the goals of the project will be to exploit a favorable opportunity in the physical chemistry of the model system Fe-FeS to dispel some of this obscurity, initially for Mo and W, an element pair with particularly irksome and unexplained contrasts in their behavior including their apparent pressure variations.The prevalence of solutions among minerals of planetary interiors makes the rules of solution behavior a subject of importance. Another task to be undertaken will be to explore the effects of pressure on garnet solid solutions, as garnets are important repositories of fusible components that contribute to basalt upon deep partial melting in the Earth's mantle - a most important activity in planetary differentiation.