Optically Transparent Diamond Electrodes for Chemical Analysis

该研究项目由分析和表面化学计划资助，旨在研究掺硼金刚石薄膜的电学、电化学和光学性质，目标是开发一种新型的光学透明电极，可用于电磁光谱的紫外/可见和红外区域的透射光谱电化学测量。Greg M. Swain和他在密歇根州立大学的研究小组正在研究几种不同的电极结构，包括独立膜和沉积在石英和硅等透明基底上的薄膜。他们试图开发一种低频IR（1000 cm-1）光谱电化学方法，可用于研究金属蛋白质和酶中的氧化还原连接金属配体模式。 蛋白质膜伏安法沿着与光谱电化学测量，使用红外透明的金刚石电极的最新进展将被用来深入了解产生自由基的金属蛋白质和酶的机制细节。氧化还原连接的金属底物和金属辅因子正常模式将通过电化学差分光谱电化学技术进行探测，目的是了解这些结构变化与生物功能的关系。 最初的重点是使用充分表征的无机/有机氧化还原系统和可溶性氧化还原蛋白（例如，肌红蛋白），但将扩展到金属自由基酶类的代表（例如，细胞色素c氧化酶（CcO））。 第二个任务涉及将UV/维斯中的光学透明金刚石电极与微芯片毛细管电泳耦合，以在同一设备上实现多种检测策略（电化学、UV/维斯吸光度和荧光）。 多种检测方案的可能性将促进高通量分析和改进的样品表征。 目的是演示分析交感神经系统神经递质去甲肾上腺素（NE）和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）及其代谢物的方法。 如果成功，该方法将用于提供新的见解高血压的神经控制机制。正在解决的化学问题是在化学和生物学之间的接口;因此，在该项目工作的本科生和研究生将接受材料科学，电化学，分离科学，光谱学，氧化还原蛋白质化学和神经化学的广泛培训，因为它涉及到疾病状态，高血压。

ABSTRACT CHE-0616730 Swain/Michigan StateThis research project funded by the Analytical and Surface Chemistry program seeks to investigate the electrical, electrochemical and optical properties of boron-doped diamond thin films with the goal of developing a new type of optically transparent electrode that can be used for transmission spectroelectrochemical measurements in both the UV/Visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Professor Greg M. Swain and his group at Michigan State University are studying several different electrode architectures, including free-standing films and thin films deposited on transparent substrates like quartz and silicon. They seek to develop a low frequency IR ( 1000 cm-1) spectroelectrochemical method that can be used to study redox-linked metal-ligand modes in metalloproteins and enzymes. Recent advances in protein film voltammetry along with spectroelectrochemical measurements using IR-transparent diamond electrodes will be employed to gain insight into the mechanistic details of radical-producing metalloproteins and enzymes. Redox-linked metal-substrate and metal-cofactor normal modes will be probed by electrochemical difference spectroelectrochemical techniques with the goal of understanding how these structural changes correlate with biological function. The focus initially is on method development using well-characterized inorganic/organic redox systems and soluble redox proteins (e.g., myoglobin), but will be extended to representatives of the metalloradical enzyme class (e.g., cytochrome c oxidase (CcO)). A second task involves coupling an optically transparent diamond electrode in the UV/Vis with microchip capillary electrophoresis to enable multiple detection strategies (electrochemical, UV/Vis absorbance, and fluorescence) on the same device. The possibility of multiple detection schemes will facilitate high-throughput analysis and improved sample characterization. Demonstrating the method for the analysis of the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and their metabolites, is the goal. If successful, the method will be used to provide new insight into neural control mechanisms in hypertension. The chemical problems being addressed are at the interface between chemistry and biology; therefore, the undergraduate and graduate students working on the project will receive broad training in materials science, electrochemistry, separation science, optical spectroscopy, redox protein chemistry, and neurochemistry as it relates to the disease state, hypertension.