Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: The DDR in Political Science: Changing Social Definitions of Men and Women and Their Effect on the Gender Gap, 1953-2003

这个项目开发了一种社会性别定义的理论和经验衡量标准，以解释男女党派依恋的变化以及由此产生的党派性别差距。社会性别定义的概念，即社会在特定时间和地点赋予中庸和女性的意义，涵盖了关于性别社会建构的理论工作。社会如何将性别概念化，不断重塑美国的社会和政治因素。社会、政治和经济事件引起了社会对性别的定义的变化。这些转变为女性和男性产生了新的政策需求，导致党派依附于两党已经存在的分歧的重新洗牌。然后，各政党转向顺应其新选民的观点。这个项目的目标是将有关性别的工作纳入我们对党派变化的理解中。时间序列方法被用来回答三个问题：是什么导致了社会性别定义的变化？社会对性别的定义如何影响了党派之争中的性别差距？男性和女性的党派之争分别如何应对社会性别定义的变化？除了检验本项目中提出的社会性别定义理论外，我们还检验了关于性别差距形成的相互竞争的理论。这是通过使用内容分析和民意数据来完成的。考虑到更广泛的影响，该项目创建了一个新的数据集，将对研究一段时间内的政治行为的学者有用。此外，对妇女的关注有助于更好地了解代表性不足的群体。

This project develops a theory and empirical measure of social definition of gender to explain changes in partisan attachments of men and women and the resulting partisan gender gap. The concept of social definition of gender, the meaning society ascribes to mean and women at a particular time and place, captures the theoretical work on the social construction of gender. How society conceptualizes gender continually reshapes the social and political factor of the United States. Social, political, and economic events give rise to shifts in the social definition of gender. These shifts produce new policy needs on behalf of women and men, resulting in the reshuffling of partisan attachments along divisions already existing in the parties. Then parties shift to conform to the views of their new constituents. The goal of this project is to integrate work on gender into our understanding of partisan change. Time series methods are used to answer three questions: What has caused changes in the social definition of gender? How has the social definition of gender affected the gender gap in partisanship? How have men's and women's partisanship responded respectively to change in the social definition of gender? In addition to testing the theory of the social definition of gender developed in this project, we also test competing theories on the formation of the gender gap. This is done through the use of content analysis and public opinion data.With regards to broader impacts, this project creates a new data set that will be useful to scholars studying political behavior over time. In addition, the focus on women provides a better understanding of an underrepresented group.