Development of Microwave and Lidar Instrumentation to Enhance the University of Wisconsin Facilities for State-of-the Art Cloud Observations

该项目增加了一个高光谱分辨率激光雷达（HSRL）和一个3波段微波剖面仪到现有的仪器套件，大大扩展了威斯康星大学麦迪逊空间科学与工程中心（UW SSEC）的能力，从屋顶和移动的天气实验室远程感知大气。SSEC在世界各地开发和部署了大气辐射干涉仪（AERI）; AERI是一种地基仪器，以高光谱分辨率定期测量下行红外辐射。其他现有的仪器包括一个无线电探空仪发射和接收系统。正在利用其他资源购置多滤光片旋转阴影波段辐射计和全天空成像仪，以分别提供来自太阳的气溶胶光学厚度和云的比例。将利用这些新仪器进行几个领域的研究，把它们并入现有的移动的气象实验室。示例研究包括：1）与其他研究所合作，在激光雷达测量气溶胶特性和传输方面进行合作，作为区域东部大气激光雷达中尺度网（REALM）的一部分，这是一个空气质量监测方案。2）结合地面和卫星观测，研究卷云特性。3）解决GPS综合水汽反演之间的差异，4）利用被动和主动观测相结合的方法，加强气象热力学和云特性反演算法的开发。改进前向辐射传输模式计算以支持数据同化研究，6）扩大遥感云微物理和宏观物理特性的知识威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校通过项目资金和管理费用投资支持移动的气象实验室的维护和其他仪器的开发。科学家和学生在各种研究项目中利用这些地面和飞机观测。移动的实验室将容纳这些仪器，在过去5年中参与了12个实地项目。有了新的工具，外地方案的参与程度即使没有因能力的提高而提高，也将保持下去。当不在现场时，学生可以使用移动的天气实验室。该计划的另一个目标是通过更好地将设施纳入课程材料来增加学生的参与。通过整合支持目前未参与这些领域项目的两名教师的研究的仪器，PI将扩大从移动的实验室受益和学习的学生群体。通过与几个姐妹机构结成联盟，为来自代表性不足群体的大量学生提供服务，在研究过程中使用这种设备的学生的数量和多样性将进一步增加。

This project adds a High-Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and a 3-band microwave profiler to an existing suite of instrumentation to greatly extend the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center's (UW SSEC) ability to remotely sense the atmosphere from its rooftop and from its mobile weather lab. SSEC has developed and deployed Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs) around the world; AERI is a ground-based instrument that routinely measures the downwelling infrared radiance at high spectral resolution. Other existing instrumentation includes a rawinsonde launch and receiver system. A Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) and Total Sky Imager (TSI) are being acquired using other resources to provide solar derived aerosol optical depth and cloud fraction respectively. Several areas of research will be undertaken with these new instruments by incorporating them into their existing mobile weather laboratory. Example studies include:1) Collaborating with other institutes in lidar measurements of aerosol properties and transport as part of the Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet (REALM), an air quality monitoring program.2) Combining ground-based and satellite observations to study cirrus cloud properties.3) Resolving differences between GPS integrated water vapor retrievals, and microwave and infrared ground-based passive observations.4) Enhancing the development of meteorological thermodynamic and cloud property retrieval algorithms using combined passive and active observations.5) Improving forward radiative transfer model calculations to support data assimilation studies by using the microwave radiometer to provide calibrated radiances within the microwave region.6) Expanding knowledge of remote sensing cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties.The University of Wisconsin-Madison supports the maintenance of the mobile weather lab and other instrument development through project funding and overhead investment. Scientists and students make use of these ground based and aircraft observations in a variety of research programs. The mobile lab, which will house the instruments, participated in 12 field programs over the last 5 years. With the new instruments this level of field program participation will be maintained, if not increased as a result of increased capability. When not in the field, the mobile weather lab will be accessible to students. A further goal of this program is to increase the involvement of students by better incorporating the facilities into course material. By incorporating instrumentation that supports the research of two faculty members currently not involved in these field programs, the PIs will expand the group of students who will benefit and learn from the mobile lab. By forming alliances with several sister institutions serving significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups, the number and diversity of students utilizing this equipment during research experiences will further increase.