Doctoral Dissertation Research: Work Hour Regulations and Family Policies in Cross-National Perspective

SES-0623698朱迪思TreasChristine Hilgeman加州大学欧文分校在女性劳动力参与率不断提高的背景下，家庭政策和工作时间法规受到了极大的关注。家庭友好型政策，如育儿假和儿童保育，被认为有助于协调劳动力参与与家庭责任，工作时间的限制防止就业侵占太多的家庭时间。虽然这些政策的效果对个人工作时间有明显的影响，但尚未评估这些政策是否有可能产生或改善配偶之间在有酬工作时间方面的不平等。这项研究的目的是研究各国配偶之间在带薪工作时间方面的差距。21个国家的数据来自国际社会调查方案2002年家庭和不断变化的性别角色单元，而关于工时规定和家庭政策的宏观数据来自经济合作与发展组织。该项目将包括乌得勒支大学进行的其他数据和分析。 这项研究首次对配偶之间工作时间的差距进行了跨国和多层次的研究-这是一个与个人工资、就业福利（包括医疗保健和退休福利）、晋升和晋升机会以及家庭讨价还价能力相关的性别不平等方面。此外，这项研究为有兴趣减少性别不平等的决策者提供了重要的方向，强调了减少工作时间不平等最有效的政策类型（儿童保育的可获得性，育儿假或工作时间限制），以及这些政策如何反过来减少男女之间的其他类型的不平等，如工资差距和职业隔离。

SES-0623698Judith TreasChristine HilgemanUniversity of California, IrvineIn the context of growing female labor force participation, family policies and work hour regulations have received significant attention. Family-friendly policies, such as parental leave and child care, are argued to help reconcile labor force participation with family responsibilities and the limitation of work hours prevents employment from encroaching too much on family time. While the effects of these policies have clear implications for individual work hours, these policies have not been assessed for their potential to generate or ameliorate inequality in paid work hours between spouses. The objective of this research is to examine this gap in paid work hours between spouses across countries. Data for 21 countries are available from the 2002 Family and Changing Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Programme while macro level data on work hour regulations and family policies are obtained from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The project will include additional data and analyses undertaken at Utrecht University. This research offers the first cross-national and multi-level study of the gap in work hours between spouses -- a dimension of gender inequality correlated with a person's wages, employment benefits (including health care and retirement benefits), opportunities for advancement and promotion, and household bargaining power. Furthermore, the research provides important direction to policy-makers interested in reducing gender inequality by highlighting the types of policies (child care accessibility, parental leave, or work hour limitations) that would be most effective in reducing work hour inequalities and how these may, in turn, reduce other types of inequality between men and women, such as the wage gap and occupational segregation.