IPY: Collaborative Research on the State of the Arctic Sea Ice Cover: An Integrated Seasonal Ice Zone Observing Network (SIZONET)

这一跨学科项目在北方环境、地缘政治和社会经济变化的背景下实施了一项观察季节性冰的综合计划。除了海冰状态变量的抽样外，观测系统的设计还以海冰系统服务(SISS)的概念为指导。通过评估SISS的性质和范围，可以建立一个综合观测网络，以最大限度地造福于最广泛的受影响利益的方式，预测变化中的北极的主要趋势。这个观测计划的第一次迭代将有助于解决这些主要的科学问题：1)整个北极地方层面的大小变化在多大程度上与夏季最小冰盖范围的大范围变化有关？2)相对于增强的冰冰相互作用和冰变形的缓冲效应，大小对季节性冰的放大的冰反照率反馈有什么反应？3)沿海海冰对陆地环境的影响有多大？4)关于即将到来的北极环境和社会经济变化，次北极鄂霍次克海教会了什么？虽然这个项目的重点是在过去几十年里经历了一些最戏剧性的海冰减少的北极西部，但一个由六个国家组成的国际团队已经组建了一个最大限度地发挥协同作用的国际团队，并允许在环北极的背景下，沿着横跨季节性冰带整个范围的纬度梯度，一直到常年冰，来解决这些问题。北极西部地区的观测包括对冰运动的岸基和漂流冰测量、关键质量平衡变量和反照率等关键冰雪特性，以及机载电磁冰厚测量。将从卫星微波遥感观测中提取泛北极地区季节性冰川演变和冰层类型分布的数据。所有数据都将输入一个档案和传播系统，该系统与阿拉斯加海洋观测系统相连，由阿拉斯加地理信息网管理。K-12和大学一级的教育和公共宣传是该项目的组成部分，国际实地课程、学生和普通公众的网上参与、在当地社区的公开讲座以及其他介绍方式在该项目中发挥了突出作用。各级利益攸关方将通过SISS方法参与进来，科学家将与社区观察员合作，校准和验证该方法。

This interdisciplinary project implements an integrated program of observing seasonal ice in the context of environmental, geo-political and socio-economic change in the North. In addition to sampling of sea-ice state variables, the observation-system design is guided by the concept of sea-ice system services (SISS). By assessing the nature and extent of SISS, an integrated observation network can be built that will lead to prediction of key trends in a changing Arctic in a way that provides maximum benefit for the broadest range of affected interests. The first iteration of this observation program will help to address these major scientific questions: 1) To what extent are changes in the SIZ at the local level throughout the Arctic correlated with large-scale change in summer minimum ice extent?, 2) How does the SIZ respond to amplified ice-albedo feedback in seasonal ice as opposed to the buffering effects of enhanced snow-ice interaction and ice deformation?, 3) How strongly does coastal sea ice impact change in terrestrial environments?, 4) What does the sub-Arctic Okhotsk Sea teach about impending Arctic environmental and socio-economic change? While the focus of this project is on the Western Arctic, which has seen some of the most dramatic sea-ice reductions in past decades, an international team has been assembled from six nations that maximizes synergies and allows these questions to be addressed in a circum-Arctic context along a latitudinal gradient spanning the entire extent of the seasonal ice zone, well into the perennial ice. Observations in the western Arctic sector include shore-based and drift-ice measurements of ice motion, key mass-balance variables and critical snow and ice properties such as albedo, as well as airborne electromagnetic ice thickness measurements. Pan-Arctic data of seasonal ice evolution and ice-type distribution will be extracted from satellite microwave remote-sensing observations. All data will be ingested into an archival and dissemination system that is linked to the Alaska Ocean Observing System and administered by the Geographic Information Network of Alaska. Education at the K-12 and university levels and public outreach are integral parts of the project, with an international field course, web-based engagement of students and the general public, public lectures in local communities, and other modes of presentation taking a prominent role in the project. Stakeholders at various levels will be engaged through the SISS approach, and scientists will work with community-based observers to calibrate and validate the methodology.