Collaborative Research: A Modular Approach to Building an Arctic Observing System for the IPY and Beyond in the Switchyard Region of the Arctic Ocean

为北冰洋开关站区域（格陵兰岛和内雷斯海峡以北）北冰洋观测系统的一个组成部分的设计、开发和实施提供了资金，该系统将为国际极地年（IPY）、环境北极变化研究（EARCTIC）和相关方案的科学研究提供服务。该系统的定义要素是：（1）多平台设计，（2）将经过验证的技术与用于在海冰覆盖下作业的创新的、非常有前途的新工具相结合，这些工具被认为是准永久性泛北冰洋系统的未来支柱，（3）采用模块化方法，使该系统能够扩展到泛北极范围，以及（4）通过对组合数据和建模结果的评估来持续改进设计。具体而言，该项目将继续并扩大阿勒特和北极之间的两个飞机段，以长期观测水文特性，并将使用北极CTD/玫瑰花系统，继续并扩大一套示踪剂，以解决上层水柱中的相对年龄结构（氟氯化碳、氚/3 He）和淡水成分（18 O和Ba）。该模块化系统通过在海冰上钻一个12英寸的孔进行部署，并跟踪温度，盐度和溶解氧，同时允许收集多达12个水样。这项研究还将继续进行一个直升机部分，横跨纳雷斯海峡以西的大陆架斜坡，以捕捉加拿大海盆周围的水团在前往纳雷斯和弗拉姆海峡途中的结构和运输情况。为了完成对从加拿大海盆到纳雷斯海峡和弗拉姆海峡的水团运输的定量评估，将在纳雷斯海峡以西的大陆架上部署一套7个新的、低成本、轻型系泊装置，以分隔通过这些海峡的各个运输。最后，将通过卫星对海冰运动和质量收支的观测来加强计划中的现场观测。

Funds are provided for the design, development, and implemention of a component of an Arctic Ocean Observing System in the Switchyard region of the Arctic Ocean (north of Greenland and Nares Strait) that will serve the scientific studies developed for the IPY (International Polar Year), SEARCH (Study of Environmental ARctic Change), and related programs. The defining elements of the System are: (1) a multi-platform design, (2) combination of proven technology with adaptation of innovative, highly promising, new tools for operation under sea ice cover that are considered to be future backbones of a quasi-permanent, pan-Arctic Ocean System, (3) a modular approach that allows expansion of the system to a pan-Arctic scale, and (4) ongoing refinement of the design through evaluation of combined data and modeling results. Specifically, the project will continue and expand two aircraft-based sections between Alert and the North Pole for long-term observation of hydrographic properties and a set of tracers aimed at resolving relative age structure (CFC's, tritium/3He) and freshwater components (18O and Ba) in the upper water column, utilizing the Arctic CTD/rosette system. This modular system is deployed through a 12" hole drilled through the sea ice and traces temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, while at the same time allowing the collection of up to 12 water samples. The study also will continue one helicopter section across the shelf slope just west of Nares Strait to capture the structure and transport of the water masses coming around the Canadian Basin on their way to Nares and Fram Straits. To complete the quantitative assessment of the transport of the water masses from the Canadian Basin towards Nares Strait and Fram Strait, a set of 7 new, low-cost, lightweight moorings will be deployed across the shelf just west of Nares Strait to separate the individual transports through these straits. Finally, the planned in situ observations will be augmented by satellite-derived observations of the sea ice motion and mass budget.