NER: Building Biomimetic Nano-Tracks and Transporters on Target-Recognizing Filamentous Viruses

智力价值：该项目的目标是使用一种名为噬菌体的丝状病毒来鉴定和展示能够沿着长度方向特异性结合到微管(蛋白质纳米管)内壁的多肽，并以微管的成核和延长为模板，该模板可以作为运动蛋白(一种运动蛋白)纳米转运体的纳米轨迹。该项目是第一个以病毒为模板组装生物纳米机器以制造新型多功能纳米结构的例子。这项工作将产生一种微管病毒纳米结构。这种新的纳米结构是基于病毒的，它可以在基因上在两个远端显示靶标结合肽，从而有可能将纳米结构定位在两个“站”之间，以控制微管的排列。与此同时，包裹病毒的微管充当了一个纳米轨道，让驱动蛋白携带货物沿着病毒排列所定义的方向移动。更广泛的影响。该项目代表了一种新的纳米制造概念，即利用生物大分子(病毒和蛋白质)作为分子识别和机械运动的来源来构建和组装仿生纳米器件。由此产生的纳米设备可以在精确的方向上运输货物，并具有精确的起始和目标位置。该项目还可以提供对微管的操纵以及微管成核、有丝分裂纺锤体组织和在活细胞中定位的复杂机制的见解。因此，它对研究人类细胞内与癌症等人类疾病密切相关的微管功能具有重要意义。教育活动包括跨学科生物纳米技术课程的开发，社区大学和高中生的参与，俄克拉荷马州美洲原住民学生的参与和在俄克拉何马州范围内传播结果，以提高公众对生物纳米技术的认识。

Intellectual Merit: The objective of this project is to use a filamentous virus called phage to identify and display peptides that can specifically bind to the inner wall of a microtubule (a protein nanotube) along the length direction and to template the nucleation and elongation of the microtubule that can serve as a nano-track for the kinesin (a motor protein) nano-transporter. This project is the first example of using a virus as a template to assemble biological nanomachines for the fabrication of novel multi-functional nanostructures. The work will result in a virus-in-microtubule nanostructure. This novel nanostructure is based on the virus that can genetically display target-binding peptides at two distal ends, making it possible to position the nanostructure in between two "stations" for controlled alignment of microtubules. At the same time, the microtubule encasing the virus serves as a nano-track for kinesin carrying a cargo to move in the direction defined by the virus alignment. Broader Impacts. This project represents a novel nanofabrication concept, that is, employing biological macromolecules (viruses and proteins) as sources of molecular recognition and mechanic motion to build and assemble biomimetic nanodevices. The resulting nanodevices can transport cargoes in a precise direction as well as with a precise starting and target position. This project can also provide insight about the manipulation of microtubules as well as the complex mechanisms of microtubule nucleation, mitotic spindle organization and positioning in living cells. Thus, it has implications for studies of microtubule function within human cells that is closely related to human diseases such as cancer. The educational activities include an interdisciplinary bionanotechnology curriculum devlopement, community college and high school student involvement, Oklahoma Native American student involvement and dissemination of the results statewide in Oklahoma to increase the public awareness of bionanotechnology.