Collaborative Research: CT-T: Following the Paper Trail: Reliable Processing of Voting Records for Trustworthy Elections

美国国家科学基金会cise /CNSForm 7审查分析和建议提案编号：0716368PI: Daniel lo声望机构：Lehigh大学领导提案编号：0716393PI: George nagy机构：伦斯勒理工学院提案编号：0716647PI: Elisa H. Barney SmithInstitution：博伊西州立大学子提案编号：0716543PI: Christopher BorickInstitution: Muhlenberg学院subtitle：合作研究CT-T：以下论文：【摘要】以手工或机器标记选票的形式，或以选民验证的纸质审计跟踪（VVPAT）的形式，包含物理记录的规定，对于保证安全可靠的选举至关重要。但是，在初步计票或进行审计时处理这种记录本身就产生了一系列问题，这些问题涉及广泛的技术和社会界限。该项目的目的是研究目前使纸质记录更令人讨厌的问题，而不是值得信赖的投票系统中不可或缺的组成部分。具体地说，主要研究人员正在努力描述标记感错误的统计分布，作为光学扫描中选票布局和质量的函数，研究基于选票图像的无偏目视审计方法，调查称为同质分类显示（HCD）的概念有助于人工重新计票的可能性，并评估在处理与直接记录电子（DRE）系统一起使用的VVPAT时可能出现的识别错误。他们还感兴趣的是，这些问题对按照业务限制测试投票系统的纸张处理部分的程序所产生的影响，包括大多数投票工作人员所接受的有限培训。这项关于投票技术的工作得到了？支持呢？他们正在进行一项计划中的调查和焦点小组，以衡量选民的信心和接受程度，并查明常见的误解和关切，包括残疾选民的无障碍。除了对更可靠和值得信赖的投票技术的发展产生广泛影响之外，该项目更广泛地影响了以人类可读形式编码的任何信息的高度精确的计算机处理。

National Science FoundationCISE/CNSForm 7 Review Analysis and RecommendationProposal Number: 0716368PI: Daniel LoprestiInstitution: Lehigh University LeadProposal Number: 0716393PI: George NagyInstitution: Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteSubProposal Number: 0716647PI: Elisa H. Barney SmithInstitution: Boise State UniversitySubProposal Number: 0716543PI: Christopher BorickInstitution: Muhlenberg CollegeSubTitle: Collaborative Research CT-T: Following the Paper Trail: Reliable Processing of Voting Records for Trustworthy ElectionsProposal AbstractProvisions for the inclusion of a physical record, in the form of hand- or machine-marked ballots, or as a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), are central to guaranteeing safe and secure elections. However, the processing of such records during the initial counting of votes or in the conduct of audits has raised its own set of problems which span broad technical and social boundaries.The aim of this project is to study issues that currently make paper records more of a nuisance than an integral component in trustworthy voting systems. Specifically, the principal investigators are working to characterize the statistical distribution of mark sense errors as a function of ballot layout and quality in optical scanning, to examine approaches for unbiased visual auditing based on ballot images, to investigate the possibility that a concept known as homogeneous class display (HCD) can facilitate manual recounts, and to evaluate recognition errors that may arise in processing the VVPAT used with Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) systems. They are also interested in the effects these issues have on procedures for testing the paper handling components of voting systems in accordance with operational constraints, including the modest training received by most poll workers. This work on voting technologies is supported by ? and supports ? a planned survey and focus groups they are conducting to measure voter confidence and acceptance and to identify common misconceptions and concerns, including accessibility to disabled voters. Beyond its broad impact on the development of more reliable and trustworthy voting technologies, this project more generally has implications for the highly accurate computer processing of any information encoded in human readable form.