Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Patrons and Pork as Alternative Methods of Targeting Resources

题目：政治科学博士论文研究：赞助人与猪肉作为资源定位的替代方法[j] [j] [j] .为什么政治家有时利用政府资源为地方精英提供赞助，而在其他时候，他们将公共资金投资于造福整个社区的项目？现有的文献没有解决这个问题；学者们专注于解释哪些社区获得了政府资源，而不是资源在社区内的分布有多广泛。然而，重要的是要区分一个项目是修建一条有利于整个城镇的道路，还是一个项目是重新铺设通往当地领导人家的车道。不幸的是，精英阶层经常从贫困社区的发展项目中获得主要利益，从而破坏了这些投资的潜在经济和社会效益。这个研究项目包括从赞比亚收集原始数据，以测试国家政治家何时使用政府资源来赢得关键地方领导人的支持，而不是分配资源以使更广泛的社区受益的理论。为了区分这两种类型的再分配，我将收集有关公共基础设施项目相对于传统酋长家园的空间分布的数据，这些酋长是赞比亚最有权力的地方领导人。我的数据集将把政府数据与我自己的全球定位系统（GPS）对酋长住所位置的测量以及从酋长原始调查中获得的信息结合起来。本项目中提出的数据分析技术对庇护政治的研究具有广泛的意义，这是一个因缺乏实证措施而受到阻碍的研究领域。该项目提出了一种地理方法来衡量提供给当地精英的赞助数量，可以被其他研究类似主题的学者复制。该项目还对有意改善向贫困社区提供公共产品和服务的政策制定者具有重要意义。它表明，基础设施项目可以狭隘地针对精英群体，也可以让整个社区受益。关注改善公民获得基本基础设施机会的个人需要了解，在什么情况下，可以鼓励政治家瞄准资源，使他们的选民中更广泛的一部分受益。

Primary Investigators: John D Huber Co-PI: Katharine A BaldwinTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Patrons and Pork as Alternative Methods of Targeting Resources0719989AbstractWhy do politicians sometimes use government resources to provide patronage tolocal elites, while at other times, they invest public funds in projects that benefit entire communities? The existing literature does not address this question; scholars have focused on explaining which communities receive government resources, not how broadly resources are distributed within communities. However, it is important to distinguish between a project that builds a road benefiting an entire town and a project that resurfaces the driveway leading to a local leader's home. Unfortunately, elites frequently capture the main benefits from development projects in poor communities, undermining the potential economic and social benefits of these investments. This research project involves collecting original data from Zambia to test theories of when national politicians use government resources to win the support of key local leaders rather than distributing them so that the wider community benefits. To distinguish between these two types of redistribution, I will collect data on the spatial distribution of public infrastructure projects relative to the homes of traditional chiefs, who are the most powerful local leaders in Zambia. My dataset will combine government data with my own Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of the locations of chiefs' homes and information obtained from an original survey of chiefs. The data analysis techniques proposed in this project have broad implications for the study of patronage politics, an area of research that has been hindered by the absence of empirical measures. The project proposes a geographic method of measuring the amount of patronage provided to local elites that can be replicated by other scholars studying similar topics. The project also has important implications for policymakers interested in improving the delivery of public goods and services to poor communities. It shows that infrastructure projects can be targeted narrowly at elites or they can be placed so that entire communities benefit. Individuals concerned with improving citizens' access to basic infrastructure need to understand the circumstances under which politicians can be encouraged to target resources so that they benefit a broader segment of their constituents.