Collaborative Research: EMT: Novel Operations, Circuit Optimization, and Technology Evaluation for Large-Scale, Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing

目前，世界各地的实验室已经实现了小型、几比特的量子计算机，其技术范围从超导体到捕获离子。然而，这种新的计算技术只有在拥有数千到数千万量子比特的大型机器能够实现的情况下才会有用。由于量子器件固有的高错误率，大规模量子计算的关键将是实际应用容错技术，从不可靠的技术中构建可靠的系统。利用量子编码的新思想，最近从实现技术中获得的数据，以及优化电路可靠性的新概念，该项目在三个领域解决了大规模容错量子计算的挑战。首先，研究人员将研究容错编码操作的需求。其次，该项目将探索量子容错架构的优化电路。第三，研究人员将进行技术性能评估，以确定几种实现技术如何很好地实现大规模容错量子计算。

Small-scale, few-bit quantum computers have now been realized in laboratories around the world, with technologies ranging from superconductors to trapped ions. However, this new computing technology will only be useful if large-scale machines with thousands to tens of millions of quantum bits can be realized. Because of the inherent high error rate of quantum devices, the key to large-scale quantum computation will be realistic application of fault-tolerance techniques to construct reliable systems from unreliable technologies. Using new ideas from quantum codes, recently available data from implementation technologies, and new concepts for optimization of circuit reliability, this project addresses the challenge of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation in three areas. First, the investigators will study the requirements for fault-tolerant encoded operations. Second, the project will explore optimized circuits for quantum fault-tolerant architecture. Third, the investigators will perform a technology performance evaluation to determine how well several implementation technologies can realize large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation.