The Mechanics and Acoustics of Bubbles Fragmenting in Sheared Flow.

上层海洋中由海浪引起的气泡推动了许多重要的海洋过程，包括气-海气体通量、气溶胶的产生和有机表面活性物质的清除。在海浪破碎期间和之后，在上层海洋中只持续几秒钟的中到大气泡被认为在二氧化碳的运输中起着主导作用。由于技术和后勤方面的原因，很难进行这些测量，所以很少有数据集来描述白色冰盖内的气泡分布。斯克里普斯海洋研究所的科学家们将进行一项实验，将各种大小的湍流流体中的气泡破碎。当气泡碎片时，它们发出的声学信号将被水听器记录下来。此外，两台摄像机将记录泡沫破裂的细节。这项研究的最终目标是确定海洋表面的气泡生成率。虽然众所周知，噪声来自气泡的形成，但决定与声学振荡相关的能量值的机制尚不清楚。如果是这样的话，这项工作可能会导致开发一种工具，允许人们根据环境噪声测量来测量气泡的产生速度。实验和数据分析将包括一名本科生实习生参与。

Wave-induced bubbles in the upper ocean drive a number of important oceanographic processes including air-sea gas fluxes, aerosol production and the scavenging of organic surfactants. The medium to large bubbles that persist for just a few seconds in the upper ocean during and immediately after wave breaking are thought to play a dominant role in the transport of carbon dioxide. Because it is difficult, for technological and logistical reasons, to make these measurements, there are very few data sets that characterize bubble distributions within whitecaps. Scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography will conduct an experiment whereby bubbles in a turbulent fluid of various sizes will be fragmented. As the bubbles fragment they emit an acoustic signal that will be recorded with hydrophones. In addition, two cameras will record the details of the bubble breakup. The ultimate goal of the research is to determine bubble creation rates at the ocean surface. Although noise is known to come from bubbles as they form, the mechanisms that determine the amount of energy associated with the acoustic oscillations is not yet known. If it were, this work could lead to the development of a tool that allows one to measure bubble creation rates based upon ambient noise measurements. The experiment and data analysis will include the participation of an undergraduate intern.