MRI Development of the Scripps Ocean Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS)

随着地球经历前所未有的变化，我们必须开发工具来提高我们对自然系统对气候系统影响的理解。在实地研究中，很难确定海洋对云和气候的影响，因为人类污染增加了复杂性，即使在海洋上空也是如此。PIs将开发一种最先进的环境模拟器，以研究在存在或不存在人为污染的情况下海洋对云和气候的影响。斯克里普斯海洋大气研究模拟器（SOARS）将提供风、波、大气、生物和热控制，能够在实验室规模的模拟器中模拟现实世界的条件。SOARS将模拟由风、波浪和微生物过程驱动的海洋大气边界层（MABL）的复杂和相互作用的物理、化学和生物成分，在不同的温度情景下，从热带到极地，大气气相浓度和海洋ph。一个集成的、温度控制的烟雾室将允许独特的海洋-大气交换和大气反应研究。SOARS将是世界上唯一能够研究海洋/大气系统当前和未来状态的仪器，因此唯一能够模拟地球？快速变化的海洋-大气系统。在受控的实验室环境中模拟生物、物理和光化学过程的能力将使跨学科研究达到前所未有的水平。SOARS将被安置在斯克里普斯海洋研究所（SIO）的水力学实验室（HLab）。50多年来，HLab一直是海洋和大气研究的焦点，为包括加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员和学生在内的国内外科学家提供实验设施。SOARS将支持新科学，使跨学科的科学家团队能够合作量化海洋-大气交换和反应过程。它将作为下一代仪器的试验台，从而改进海上测量技术，以解决与全球变化有关的重大未知问题。SOARS将作为下一代跨学科科学家在海洋生物学、气候、大气科学、海洋学和工程学方面交叉训练的培训工具。此外，SOARS将促进经典流体动力学和工程研究，以及通过UCSD流体力学课程的实际演示来促进STEM教育，这些课程即将退役的水力学实验室风波通道传统上支持。HLab及其附属的wave频道在SIO的外展活动（包括艺术家、电影制作人、新闻媒体和现场教育访问）中很受欢迎，并支持加州大学圣地亚哥分校？对多样性的承诺。SOARS将利用SIO和气溶胶对气候和环境影响中心（CAICE）推动的多样性计划，CAICE是SOARS未来的主要用户。SIO和CAICE都积极寻求机会，让不同的受众参与地球系统科学，SIO最近任命了两名多元化官员，通过在研究、教育和外展方面的包容性，增加STEM领域的更广泛参与。海洋大气边界层（MABL）在天气、大气化学、气候变化、国家安全利益和海洋土木工程等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。SOARS将在这些领域的基础和应用研究以及在这些领域工作的下一代科学家和工程师的教育和培训方面发挥关键作用。通过MABL交换的生物，化学和物理反馈的存在使得创建可控实验室模拟器对于理解这些复杂过程至关重要。通过化学家、生物学家和物理海洋学家的跨学科研究，SOARS将能够研究海洋-大气交换过程的全部复杂性。SOARS不仅设计用于在自然海水中使用风、波浪和生物进行实验，在可控的大气中模拟热带到极地的条件，而且条件也可以定制，允许实验揭示自然对云和气候的影响，以及未来模拟二氧化碳水平的增加和生态系统的变化。这样的研究将使人们能够在一个独特的水平上揭示人类与自然过程对气候的影响。

It is critical that we develop tools for improving our understanding of the impacts of natural systems on the climate system as the Earth undergoes unprecedented change. It is difficult to determine the impact of the oceans on clouds and climate in field studies due to complexities added in by human pollution, even out over the oceans. The PIs will development of a state-of-the-art environmental simulator that will allow studies of ocean impacts on clouds and climate in the presence and absence of human based pollution. The Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS), will provide wind, waves, atmospheric, biological, and thermal controls capable of simulating real-world conditions in a laboratory scale simulator. SOARS will simulate the complex and interacting physical, chemical and biological components of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) driven by wind, waves, and microbial processes under varying scenarios of temperature, from tropical to polar, atmospheric gas phase concentrations, and ocean pH. An integrated, temperature-controlled smog chamber will allow unique studies of ocean-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric reaction studies. SOARS will be the only instrument in the world capable of studying the current and future states of the ocean/atmosphere system thus uniquely capable of simulating Earth?s rapidly changing ocean-atmosphere system. The ability to simulate biological, physical, and photochemical processes in a controlled laboratory setting will enable interdisciplinary studies at an unprecedented level. SOARS will be housed at the Hydraulics Laboratory (HLab) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). The HLab has been a focal point for oceanic and atmospheric research for more than 50 years, providing experimental facilities for national and international scientists, including UCSD researchers and students. SOARS will support new science by enabling interdisciplinary teams of scientists to collaborate on quantifying ocean-atmosphere exchange and reaction processes. It will serve as a test bed for the next generation of instrumentation thus improving at-sea measurement techniques to address significant unknowns relevant to global change. SOARS will serve as a training tool for the next generation of interdisciplinary scientists cross-trained in marine biology, climate, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, and engineering. In addition, SOARS will facilitate classical fluid dynamical and engineering studies, as well as STEM education through practical demonstrations for UCSD classes on fluid mechanics that the soon-to-be decommissioned Wind Wave channel in the Hydraulics Laboratory has traditionally supported. The HLab and its affiliated wave channels have become popular for outreach activities at SIO (including artists, film makers, news media and on-site educational visits) and supports UCSD?s commitment to diversity. SOARS will leverage diversity programs promoted at SIO and by the Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment Center (CAICE), a major future SOARS user. Both SIO and CAICE actively seek opportunities to engage diverse audiences in Earth systems science, and SIO has recently appointed two diversity officers to increase broader participation in the STEM fields by inclusiveness in research, education, and outreach. The motivation for SOARS lies in the critical role the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) plays in weather, atmospheric chemistry, climate change, national security interests, and offshore civil engineering. SOARS will play a critical role in basic and applied research in these arenas as well as in educating and training the next generation of scientists and engineers working in these fields. The presence of biological, chemical and physical feedbacks on exchanges through the MABL makes the creation of controllable laboratory simulators essential to the understanding of these complex processes. SOARS will enable study of the full complexity of ocean-atmosphere exchange processes through interdisciplinary studies by chemists, biologists and physical oceanographers. Not only is SOARS designed for experiments using wind, waves and biology in natural seawater, with a controllable atmosphere, simulating tropical through polar conditions, but the conditions will also be customizable allowing experiments to unravel natural impacts on clouds and climate, as well as futuristic simulations of increasing CO2 levels and changes in ecosystems. Such studies will allow one to unravel impacts of human versus natural processes on our climate at a unique level.