Field Measurements of Ocean Wave Whitecap-Induced Bubbles

这项研究的目的是测量活跃的白浪中的气泡及其在海洋表面形成的泡沫结构，作为风速和风驱动海洋近表面边界层化学的函数。将使用液体机器人波浪滑翔机（LRWG）进行实地观测，包括对海浪白浪和现场气泡和泡沫传感器的各种远程相机观测。这项工作的动机在于关键作用波夹带的气泡和泡沫发挥CO2运输，气溶胶形成，海洋CO2，海洋和海洋大气运输的生物活性和气候相关的材料。该项目将支助两名海洋科学暑期大学生实习生，并支助调查人员参加由斯克里普斯伯奇水族馆主办的公众宣传工具“海洋科学展望”系列讲座，该项目旨在：研究海洋白浪中表面活性分子对表面泡沫的稳定作用;利用图像研究风力驱动的海洋中白浪泡沫随时间变化的结构。实地研究将在Point Conception附近的开放海洋沃茨的液体机器人波浪滑翔机上进行。将部署四个主要感觉系统：一个水下摄像机，用于测量主动破碎的白浪内部的气泡，一个4元件水听器阵列，用于测量水下的白浪噪声，桅杆安装的摄像机，用于测量白浪泡沫的横截面积、衰减时间和结构，及船体─安装传感器，提供表面张力和生物生产力代理的测量。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

The goal of the study is to measure bubbles within active whitecaps and the structure of the foam they form on the surface of the ocean, as a function of wind speed and chemistry in the near surface boundary layer in wind-driven seas. Field observations will be made using a Liquid Robotics Wave Glider (LRWG) and include a variety of remote camera observations of ocean wave whitecaps and in situ bubble and foam sensors. The motivation for this work lies in the critical role wave-entrained bubbles and foam play in CO2 transport, aerosol formation, ocean albedo, and the sea to atmosphere transport of biologically active and climatically relevant material. The project will support two summer undergraduate interns in marine science and participation by the investigators in the Perspectives on Ocean Science lecture series, a public outreach vehicle hosted by the Birch Aquarium at Scripps.The project aims to: determine the scale-dependence of bubble creation on bubble size and whether bubble creation rates can be measured within whitecaps using breaking wave noise; address the stabilization of surface foam by surface-active molecules in oceanic whitecaps; and use images to examine the time-varying structure of whitecap foam in wind-driven seas. The field study will be staged on a Liquid Robotics Wave Glider in the open ocean waters off Point Conception. Four primary sensory systems will be deployed: a sub-surface camera to measure bubbles inside actively breaking whitecaps, a 4-element hydrophone array to measure whitecap noise underwater, mast-mounted cameras to measure the cross-sectional area, decay time and structure of whitecap foam, and hull-mounted sensors to provide measurements of surface tension and proxies for biological productivity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.