Doctoral Dissertation Research: State-Muslim Relations and Working Class Values

标题：博士论文研究：国家-穆斯林关系和工人阶级价值主要调查者：Michael Burawy共同首席调查者：Zehra Parvez研究所：加州大学伯克利分校这篇论文是对法国里昂和印度海德拉巴穆斯林少数民族社区政治的比较人种学研究。法国和印度都是世俗民主国家，都受到穆斯林宗教政策要求的挑战，穆斯林是法国和印度最大的少数民族人口。这两个国家都经历了伊斯兰化的增长，并曾发生过涉及贫穷穆斯林地区的暴力国内冲突。这里有两个核心问题：(1)社会经济混乱的经历如何塑造穆斯林社区的宗教信仰和政治？(2)伊斯兰教政治化与公民社会日益增长的宗教信仰之间有什么关系？我们将检验五个假设：(1)伊斯兰化的发展在一定程度上是为了在面临歧视和移民同化障碍的情况下维护荣誉和文化；(2)社区清真寺为社会生活和从狭窄的生活条件中获得喘息提供了重要空间；(3)萨拉菲派伊斯兰教的跨国输入与移民有关；(4)更严格的伊斯兰教形式为穷人提供了一个道德和时间框架；以及(5)伊斯兰化的发展是对国家敌视、监视和紧缩的背景的回应。主要方法是在每个城市两个社区的三个地点进行参与者观察：伊斯兰学校、社区清真寺和伊斯兰福利协会。除了人种学部分，还将进行总共50次半结构访谈；媒体对这些国家穆斯林少数群体的文学作品进行分析；并进行档案研究，将调查结果置于其历史背景中。该项目将扩大人们对国内冲突和跨国伊斯兰主义之间关系的了解，这是9·11事件后引起高度关注的一个问题。它还将展示少数族裔穆斯林与国家之间的纠结关系如何带有宗教色彩，而实际上，它可能更多地与贫困背景下的分配问题纠缠在一起，或试图获得多元文化承认。它有可能澄清社会科学中的几个辩论，包括：阶级和宗教运动之间的关系；应对全球化的新兴社会运动的性质；公共领域的理论；以及国家和民间社会之间的关系。最后，这项研究的更广泛影响包括加强公众对代表性不足和被误解的群体，特别是贫困、宗教和穆斯林社区的了解，包括其多样化的政治、复杂的虔诚形式以及经常被误解的性别动态。其结果将是对政治伊斯兰作为全球政治中一股日益增长的力量的更精细理解，但不能被视为或接近为铁板一块。

Title: Doctoral Dissertation Research: State-Muslim Relations and Working-Class ValuesPrincipal Investigator: Michael BurawoyCo-Principal Investigator: Zehra ParvezInstitution: University of California at Berkeley This dissertation is a comparative ethnographic study of the politics of Muslim minority communities in Lyon, France and Hyderabad, India. France and India are both secular democracies that have been challenged by religious policy demands by Muslims, who comprise their largest minority populations. Both countries have experienced a growth in Islamization and have had episodes of violent civil conflict involving poor Muslim areas. There are two central questions: (1) How does the experience of socioeconomic dislocation shape the religiosity and politics of Muslim communities? (2) What is the relationship between the politicization of Islam and growing religiosity in civil society? Five hypotheses will be examined: (1) Islamization has grown in part as a way to preserve honor and culture in the face of discrimination and barriers to immigrant assimilation; (2) Neighborhood mosques provide an important space for social life and respite from cramped living conditions; (3) The transnational import of Salafist forms of Islam is tied to migration; (4) Stricter forms of Islam provide a moral and temporal framework for the poor; and (5) The growth of Islamization is a response to a context of state hostility, surveillance, and retrenchment. The primary methodology is participant observation at three sites in two neighborhoods in each city: Islamic schools, neighborhood mosques, and Islamic welfare associations. The ethnographic component will be supplemented by a total of 50 semi-structured interviews; media analysis of literature catering to Muslim minorities in these countries; and archival research to place findings in their historical contexts. The project will expand knowledge about the relationship between domestic conflict and transnational Islamism, an issue of heightened interest after 9/11. It will also show how the vexed relationship between minority Muslims and the state takes on religious overtones, when in fact it may be more entangled with issues of distribution in the context of poverty or attempts at multicultural recognition. It has the potential to add clarity to several debates in the social sciences, including: the relationship between class and religious movements; the nature of emerging social movements in response to globalization; theories of the public sphere; and the relationship between the state and civil society. Finally, broader impacts of the research include enhancing public understanding of underrepresented and misrepresented groups, specifically poor, religious, Muslim communities, including their diverse politics, complex forms of piety, and oft-misunderstood gender dynamics. The result will be a more refined understanding of political Islam as a growing force in global politics, but one that cannot be viewed or approached as monolithic.