Foundations of Coverage and Connectivity for Wireless Sensor Networks Deployed in Thin Strips

摘要：在一些现实场景中，无线传感器可以部署在狭长地带，例如沿国际边界部署传感器以检测非法入侵，在森林周围部署传感器以检测森林火灾的蔓延，在化工厂周围部署传感器以检测致命化学品的扩散，或者在长天然气管道的两侧部署传感器以检测潜在的破坏活动。大多数关于覆盖和连通性的现有工作不适用于这些条形部署区域，因为它们经常忽略部署区域的边界。此外，大多数关于随机部署的覆盖和连通性的现有工作仅提供渐近结果，并且没有给出可靠的数值条件来确定在有限区域内足够覆盖所需的密度。该项目旨在为无线传感器在薄带地区部署时的覆盖和连接奠定坚实的基础。为了实现这一目标，该项目正在研究三种传感器的覆盖和连接特性：全向传感器、定向传感器（如激光和摄像头）和移动传感器。该项目使用严格的数学分析来得出精确的数字估计，以实现随机部署的覆盖和连接。它还在研究关键网络活动的最佳算法（包括集中式和分布式版本），例如覆盖/连接验证、传感器故障时的覆盖恢复以及网络生命周期最大化的睡眠-唤醒计划确定。该项目开发的新技术用于获得精确的密度估计，使覆盖范围和连通性结果易于在现实生活中使用，从而弥合了理论与实践之间的差距。该项目中创建的薄带覆盖和连接的综合基础预计将使无线传感器的周边安全更加实用。

Abstract: In several real-life scenarios, wireless sensors may be deployed in thin strip regions, such as when deploying sensors along international borders to detect illegal intrusion, around forests to detect the spread of forest fire, around a chemical factory to detect the spread of lethal chemicals, or on both sides of a long gas pipeline to detect potential sabotage. Most existing work on coverage and connectivity are not applicable to these strip deployment regions since they often ignore the boundaries of the deployment region. Further, most existing work on coverage and connectivity for random deployments provide only asymptotic results, and do not give reliable numerical conditions for determining the density required for adequate coverage in finite regions. This project is aimed at establishing a strong foundation for coverage and connectivity when wireless sensors are deployed in thin strip regions. To achieve this goal, this project is investigating the coverage and connectivity properties for three kinds of sensors omnidirectional sensors, directional sensors (such as lasers and cameras), and mobile sensors. The project uses rigorous mathematical analysis to derive precise numerical estimates for achieving coverage and connectivity for random deployments. It is also investigating optimal algorithms (both centralized and distributed versions) for critical network activities such as coverage/connectivity verification, coverage restoration upon sensor failures, and sleep-wakeup schedule determination for network lifetime maximization. The new techniques developed in this project for deriving precise density estimates make the coverage and connectivity results readily usable in real-life, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice. The comprehensive foundation for coverage and connectivity for thin strips being created in this project is expected to make perimeter security with wireless sensors more practical.