Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Woodland Period Interaction: Swift Creek on the Atlantic Coast, AD 200-800.

在Kenneth Sassaman博士的指导下，Neill Wallis将研究佛罗里达和佐治亚州大西洋海岸伍德兰时期(约3000-1000BP)种群之间的相互作用模式。这一地区的遗址提供了跨越各种距离的持续社会联系的物质证据。最普遍的数据来自斯威夫特克里克陶器，这是一种陶器，参与了东部林地大部分地区的互动。沃利斯对13个遗址的陶器组合进行了分析，试图通过技术、功能和粘土来源数据的组合，了解交换的频率、位置和方向以及其他相互作用。最终，这项研究的目的是确定大西洋沿岸居民参与了什么类型的互动，以及这些社会关系如何塑造了当地的社会结构和实践。人类学研究经常强调，人口之间的互动对当地社会和文化的发展至关重要。考古学对相互作用的调查往往强调社会限制的仪式用具和名望物品的广泛交换。然而，由于缺乏这些项目，往往很难确定发生了哪些类型的互动，以及这些联系如何影响当地人的生活。一个独特的研究互动的机会来自Swift Creek复杂的冲压陶器，这种陶器在东南部下部(阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州和佛罗里达州)生产并流通了近一千年(公元100至900年)。考古学家已经证明，斯威夫特克里克陶器和用来装饰它们的雕刻木桨是以独立于名牌商品的图案分布的。为了准确地确定是什么类型的相互作用导致了斯威夫特克里克陶器在大西洋海岸的分布，沃利斯将使用两种互补的方法来分析来自墓丘和村子助产士的组合，每种组合可能对应于不同形式的相互作用。首先，将使用仪器中子活化分析(INAA)和粘土样品和陶器的岩相分析来区分现场的本地和外国制造的船只。其次，对每个遗址的陶器进行技术功能分析，将记录可能与交换和互动有关的器皿的制造、使用和沉积方面的特定遗址趋势。综合起来，这些数据将被用来评估整个区域的各种互动模式。这项研究将有助于人类学对小规模社会之间相互作用的模式和目的的理解。这项研究在记录与明显受社会限制的物品无关的高度交流和互动方面尤其重要，这些物品是考古学研究的共同重点。该项目还产生了更广泛的影响。沃利斯将接受仪器中子活化分析方面的专门培训。此外，这项研究是跨机构性质的，利用了九个机构进行文物收集和培训。分析结果将以海报的形式展示在每个贷款机构以及相应的网站上。最后，将从许多打捞和私人合同考古项目中挖掘的脆弱收藏品中恢复重要数据。

Under the direction of Dr. Kenneth Sassaman, Neill Wallis will investigate patterns of interaction among Woodland period (ca. 3000-1000 BP) populations on the Atlantic coast of Florida and Georgia. Sites in this region provide material evidence of consistent social contact across a variety of distances. The most ubiquitous data come from Swift Creek earthenware vessels, a type of pottery involved in interactions across much of the Eastern Woodlands. Mr. Wallis' analysis of pottery assemblages from 13 sites seeks to understand the frequency, locations, and directions of exchange and other interactions through a combination of technological, functional, and clay source data. Ultimately, this research aims to determine what kinds of interaction Atlantic coastal populations engaged in and how these social connections shaped local social structure and practice. Anthropological research has often emphasized that interaction among populations is central to the development of local societies and cultures. Archaeological investigations of interaction often emphasize the widespread exchange of socially-restricted ritual paraphernalia and prestige goods. The absence of these items, however, often makes it difficult to identify the kinds of interactions that took place and how these connections influenced the lives of local people. A unique opportunity to study interaction comes from Swift Creek complicated stamped pottery that was produced and circulated throughout the lower Southeast (Alabama, Georgia, and Florida) for nearly a millennium (ca. cal AD 100 to 900). Archaeologists have demonstrated that Swift Creek earthenware vessels and the carved wooden paddles used to decorate them were distributed in patterns independent of prestige goods. To determine precisely what type of interaction was responsible for the distribution of Swift Creek pottery on the Atlantic coast, Mr. Wallis will use two complimentary methods to analyze assemblages from both burial mounds and village middens that may each correspond with different forms of interaction. First, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and petrographic analysis of clay samples and pottery will be used to differentiate between local and foreign-made vessels at sites. Second, technofunctional analysis of pottery at each site will document site-specific trends in the manufacture, use, and deposition of vessels that could be related to exchange and interaction. Taken together, these data will be used to evaluate various models of interaction across the region. This research will contribute to anthropological understanding of the patterns and purposes of interaction among small-scale societies. The research is especially important in documenting heightened levels of exchange and interaction independent of obviously socially restricted items that are a common focus of archaeological study. The project has many broader impacts as well. Mr. Wallis will receive specialized training in Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Moreover, the research is inter-institutional in nature, drawing on nine institutions for artifact collections and training. The results of analysis will be presented in a poster displayed at each of the lending institutions as well as a companion website. Lastly, important data will be recovered from vulnerable collections excavated during many salvage and private contract archaeology projects.