SGER-Human Factors and Ergonomics in Disaster Management Information Exchange

该项目解决了缺乏知识的影响，通信人机工程学的信息交流系统的紧急反应的努力。 灾害期间的信息交流对于确保协调应对工作、管理资源分配和防止进一步损害的发生至关重要。 然而，与自然或人为灾害相关的不可预测性和紧迫性提出了一系列独特的特殊条件，在这些条件下，普通方法，程序和基础设施往往被证明是不够的。 在重大灾害情况下，固有的情境压力源有可能进一步混淆人的影响风险因素。 个人的心理、生理和认知状态越来越紧张。 特别是，通信工效学可能受到影响，不仅是由于新的、不熟悉的和可能无法识别的压力源的引入，而且由于许多组织同时对事件作出反应而没有能力分享所需信息而产生的挑战。 适当评估人为因素对灾害信息交流系统的影响，对于确保灾害期间的有效通信至关重要。 虽然在改善通信基础设施、开发替代通信手段和制定通用协议方面开展了一些特殊工作，但对人为因素对整个系统机制的影响却知之甚少。 PI认为，人的可靠性建模，人机交互和认知工效学都需要考虑时，设计信息交换系统。 在这个项目中，她将与第一反应者，如美国陆军工程公司（USACE），橙子县佛罗里达应急办公室，联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA），中央佛罗里达大学灾害响应小组，以及各种私营公司，在卡特里娜飓风，丽塔和威尔玛的承包商，探索一种新的方法，将灾害管理中的信息交换系统视为人-系统界面设计问题。 目标是在2007年飓风季节制定方法、收集数据并验证方法，因此时间至关重要。 项目成果将包括积累和分析历史信息交流数据，确定当前信息交流的概念模型以及影响人的业绩和可靠性的人为因素压力源分类，确定影响灾害管理服务提供的物理和生理因素，并制定方法，解决灾害管理通信问题中的关键人为因素问题，沿着“模拟”应用程序。 中佛罗里达大学校园将作为模拟灾害发生的试验台环境;拥有校内住房、医疗设施、应急响应服务和通信网络，沿着独立的警察部队，有限的交通走廊，以及超过45，000名学生和10，000名员工的人口，中佛罗里达大学可以准确地代表一个中到大规模的美国城市的比例模型。2更广泛的影响：这个项目将导致一个新的信息交换概念模型使用以用户为中心的方法。 这项研究将为设计增强人的能力的决策支助系统奠定基础，并为建立一个全球知识库奠定基础，可用于尽量减少备灾对个人的心理和生理影响。

This project addresses the dearth of knowledge regarding the impact of communication ergonomics on the information exchange systems of an emergency response effort. Information exchange during a disaster event is vital to ensure the coordination of response efforts, to manage the allocation of resources, and to prevent further harm from occurring. Yet yhe unpredictable and urgency associated with natural or man-made disasters presents a unique set of extraordinary conditions in which ordinary methods, procedures, and infrastructure are often proven to be inadequate. In a substantial disaster situation the inherent situational stressors have the potential to further confound the human impact risk factors. The psychological, physiological and cognitive states of individuals are increasingly stressed. In particular, communication ergonomics may be impacted not only by the introduction of new, unfamiliar and possibly unidentified stressors, but also as a consequence of challenges arising from numerous organizations simultaneously responding to the event without the ability to share needed information. Proper evaluation of the human impact on disaster information exchange systems is vital to ensure effective communication during a disaster situation. While niche work has been carried out on improving communication infrastructures, developing alternative means of communications and establishing universal protocols, there is a significant lack of knowledge on the impact human factors have on the overall system mechanics. The PI argues that human reliability modeling, human computer interaction, and cognitive ergonomics all need to be considered when designing information exchange systems. In this project, she will work with first responders such as the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE), the Orange County Florida Emergency Response Office, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the University of Central Florida Disaster Response Team, as well as various private companies that were contractors in hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma, to explore a novel approach that considers information exchange systems in disaster management as a human-systems interface design problem. The goal is to develop a methodology, collect data and validate the methodology in the 2007 hurricane season, so time is of the essence. Project outcomes will include accumulation and analysis of historical information exchange data, definition of a conceptual model of current information exchange as well as of a taxonomy of human factors stressors affecting human performance and reliability, identification of physical and physiological factors impacting delivery of disaster management services, and development of a methodology for addressing critical human factors issues in disaster management communication issues, along with a "mock" application. The University of Central Florida campus will serve as the test bed environment to model disaster occurrence; with on-campus housing, medical facilities, emergency response services, and communication networks, along with an independent police force, limited traffic corridors and a population of over 45,000 students and 10,000 employees, the University of Central Florida can accurately represent a scale model of a medium to large size American city.Broader Impacts: This project will lead to a new information exchange conceptual model using a user centered approach. The research will lay the groundwork for the design of decision support systems that augment human abilities, and for the development of a global knowledge base that can be utilized to minimize the psychological and physiological impact of disaster preparation on individuals.