Circulation of Iron Products in the Iron-Age of Eastem France and Southem Germany: Multidisciplinary and Methodological Approaches towards the provenance of Ancient Iron

这项计划的目标有两个。它具有考古计量学的方法论取向，并讨论与原始历史时期有关的人类学和历史学问题。第一个目标是以互补的方式开发、对抗和发展这两种确定铁产品起源的考古方法。事实上，德国和法国考古实验室的最新方法发展使人们现在可以设想对铁质和钢质考古文物进行来源研究。这对铁器时代社会的相关问题来说是一个真正的突破。第二个目标是，通过应用这些方法，处理铁器时代的两个年代期(哈尔斯塔特晚期/拉特内期早期)，并对贸易关系和铁在这些时期发生的每一次重大变化中的作用带来新的看法。为此，我们介绍了一组特定的考古材料，将在其上应用法国和德国开发的确定起源的创新方法。这两个团队开发的考古测量方法基于对产区的微量元素化学和同位素特征的确定。因此，在第一步，将在与这一问题有关的潜在生产区--洛林、巴登-符腾堡、塞诺奈、佩斯-德-布雷、西巴伐利亚--上发现的矿石、考古矿渣和其他作业链废物中遵循这一签名。在第二步中，我们将分析这两类物品的化学特征：优先分布在阿尔卑斯山北部杂岩地理区域的双金字塔钢锭和以浮华葬礼堆积区为代表的战车墓葬轮胎。结果的多变量分析将使可靠的来源确定成为可能。

The objective of this program is twofold. It has a methodological orientation in Archaeometry and discusses anthropological and historical issues related to proto-historical periods. The first objective is to exploit, to confront and develop in a complementary way both archaeometric methods for determining the origins of iron products. Indeed, recent methodological development that occurred both in German and French archaeometry laboratories allows now to envisage provenance studies for ferrous and steel archaeological artefacts. This is a real breakthrough for the issues related to Iron Age societies. The second objective is, by applying these methods, to address two chronological periods (late Hallstatt / early La Tene) ofthe Iron ages and bring a renewed vision of trade relations and of the role of iron in each of the major changes occurring in these periods. For this, we address a specific set of archaeological material on which will be applied innovative methods for determining the origins developed in France and Germany.The archaeometric methods developed by the two teams are based on the determination of trace element chemical and isotopic signature of production areas. Thus in a first step, this signature will be followed in ore, archaeological slag and other wastes of the operating chains found on the sites of potential production areas linked to the issue; i.e. Lorraine, Baden Wuerttemberg, Senonais, Pays de Bray, West Bavaria. In a second step, we will analyze the chemical signature of two types of objects characteristics of these periods: bipyramidal ingots preferentially distributed in the geographical area of the northern Alps complex and tires of chariot burials representatives of ostentatious funeral deposit zones. Multivariate analyses of the results will allow reaching reliable provenance determining.