Nahuatl Language Documentation Project: Sierra Norte de Puebla [ISO 639 azz]

对一门语言进行文档记录有很多层次，最详细的往往是最有用的。在语言进化的生态系统中，关于动植物的专业知识是语言中特别有用的一部分，无论对母语人士还是对整个科学都是如此。Jonathan D. Amith博士将与一个土著合作社、一个电影制作团体、学术学者和计算语言学家合作，在北普埃布拉山脉（Sierra Norte de Puebla）领导一项为期三年的纳瓦特尔语文献工作。一个目标是开发一套广泛的材料：一本详细的词典；基本的描述性语法；还有一个75小时的数字音频和视频的时间编码转录语料库，涵盖了濒危的话语类型和消失的文化知识，包括民族生物学、舞蹈、故事、个人证言和村庄历史。一个专业的电影制作团队将制作三到四部27分钟的教育纪录片。第二个目标是开发一套处理和呈现材料的软件工具。有些工具是特定于语言的；一个形态解析器，用于分析纳瓦特尔语单词，将词缀从词干中分离出来，从而促进字典查找以及对解析过的和经过修饰的时间编码的转录进行永久存档。然而，大多数工具将在文献工作中有一般的应用，并且将免费提供。其中一个是WebScriber，它可以将时间编码的转录转换成逐行播放的网页。另一个是Prompter/Segmenter，它从词汇项列表中提示说话者，然后将生成的声音文件分段，以便于链接到在线词典。最后，Cobbler是一个实用程序，用于管理用Shoebox编写的文件，Shoebox是领域语言学家最常用的程序。这个项目的结果将极大地扩展我们对阿兹特克帝国后裔语言的了解，特别强调生态系统。迄今为止，Nahuatl项目已经收集了1151个植物标本（全部由专业人员安装），大约300个昆虫标本，19种鱼类，24种蛛形纲动物和22种爬行动物，以及大约50件物质文化物品（网、篮子、箭、绳子等）。大多数都与相关的记录和转录文本有关，例如与不同类型的蚱蜢有关的民间传说，或者如何制作和使用箭。有了互联网接口，就可以探索所有这些项目的数字化版本，本土研究人员和来自外部的研究人员都有了一个不同寻常的大量材料收集。

Documenting a language occurs at many levels, and the most detailed is often the most useful. Specialized knowledge about the plants and animals in the ecosystem the language has evolved in is a particularly useful segment of the language both for native speakers and for science at large. In partnership with an indigenous cooperative, a filmmaking collective, academic scholars, and computational linguists, Dr. Jonathan D. Amith will lead a three-year Nahuatl language documentation effort in the Sierra Norte de Puebla. One goal is to develop an extensive set of materials: a detailed dictionary; a basic descriptive grammar; and a 75-hour corpus of time-coded transcriptions of digital audio and video covering endangered genres of discourse and vanishing cultural knowledge, including ethnobiology, dance, stories, personal testimonials, and village histories. A professional film-making collective will produce three or four 27-minute educational documentaries. A second goal is to develop a set of software tools for processing and presentation of the materials. Some of the tools will be language specific; a morphological parser to analyze Nahuatl words, separating the affixes from the stem and thus facilitating dictionary lookup as well as permanent archiving of parsed and glossed time-coded transcriptions. Most of the tools, however, will have general applications in documentary endeavors and will be made freely available. One, WebScriber, converts a time-coded transcription into a Web page with line-by-line playback. Another, Prompter/Segmenter, prompts speakers from a list of lexical items and then segments the resulting sound file in such a way as to facilitate linking to an online dictionary. Finally, Cobbler is a utilities program for data management of files written in Shoebox, the most commonly-used program for field linguists.Results of this project will greatly expand our knowledge of the descendant languages of the Aztec empire, with a special emphasis on the ecosystem. To date the Nahuatl project has collected 1,151 botanical specimens (all professionally mounted), about 300 entomological specimens, 19 fish, 24 arachnids, and 22 reptiles, and some 50 objects of material culture (nets, baskets, arrows, rope, etc.). Most are linked to relevant recorded and transcribed texts, such as the folklore associated with different types of grasshoppers, or how to make and use arrows. With the internet interface that allows the exploration of digitized versions of all of these items, both indigenous researchers and those from outside have an unusually large collection of materials to draw from.