Collaborative Research: Radiative Effects of Desert Dust Deposits in Alpine Snow

这项研究将解决以下科学目标：（1）确定圣胡安山脉积雪吸收灰尘沉积频率和量级的现代基线，（2）雪的综合和光谱反射率相对于灰尘浓度和分层的时间变化，（3）制定雪反射率和灰尘浓度之间的参数化，以纳入大气环流模式的辐射模块，（4）调查来自科罗拉多高原和其他来源（自然和人为）的沙尘沉降的贡献，（5）确定高山雪原区域到当地吸收沙尘源的时间变化，这项研究旨在提供一个框架，以了解这个半干旱地区的水文收支的敏感性，其中积雪是融雪产生的主导项。 由于缺乏测量，大气环流模型没有包括雪的蒸发和杂质的精确参数化。 这项工作将把这些参数化信息传达给国家大气研究中心的研究人员，以便纳入社区气候系统模型和其他模型。更广泛的影响：该项目提供教育和推广方案。 一名研究生将在PI提供的监督下从事该项目。 该项目将包括外展计划研究经验的本科生（REU）和研究经验的教师（RET）。 一个CU-Boulder本科生将参加现场和数据分析作为一个高级论文的一部分与REU补助金。 该项目将以可再生能源小组的身份，邀请圣胡安地区一所学校的教师参加，特别侧重于西尔弗顿公立学校的教师。 西尔弗顿公立学校被认为是一所高度贫困的学校，已表示有意参加一个可再生能源技术项目，因为该项目有能力加强他们的科学和技术课程，来自Senator Beck高山和Swamp Angel亚高山站点的实时气象数据将通过一个网络服务器分发，并用于驱动雪物理模型“SNTHERM.89”的在线版本。 在大学学习大气科学和雪水文学课程的学生将能够访问来自圣胡安山脉的数据，并使用当地气象和辐射数据运行SNTHERM模型来预测积雪特性。

This study will address the following scientific objectives (1) determination of the modern baseline of absorbing dust deposition frequency and magnitude to snowcover in the San Juan Mountains, (2) the temporal variation of the integrated and spectral albedo of snow relative to dust concentration and layering, (3) develop parameterizations between snow albedo and dust concentrations for inclusion in radiation modules for general circulation models, (4) investigate the contribution of dust deposition from the Colorado Plateau and other sources (natural and anthropogenic), and (5) determine the temporal variability of regional to local absorbing dust sources to the alpine snowfields.The research is intended to provide a framework for understanding the sensitivity of the hydrologic budget in this semi-arid region where snow albedo represents the dominant term in the generation of snowmelt. Because of a lack of measurements, general circulation models have not included accurate parameterizations of snow albedo and impurities. This work will be communicating these parameterizations to researchers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research for inclusion in the Community Climate System Model and other models.Broader Impact: The project provides programs of Education and Outreach. A graduate student will work on the project with supervision provided by the PI. The project will include the outreach programs Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Research Experiences for Teachers (RET). A CU-Boulder undergraduate will participate in field and data analysis as part of a senior thesis with an REU grant. In the capacity of an RET, the project will involve teachers from a San Juan region school with a particular focus on teachers from the Silverton Public School. The Silverton Public School, considered a high poverty school, has expressed intention to participate in an RET with the project given its capacity to enhance their science and technology curriculum.The real-time meteorological data from the Senator Beck alpine and the Swamp Angel subalpine sites will be distributed via a webserver and used to drive an online version of the snow physics model "SNTHERM.89". Students at universities with atmospheric science and snow hydrology courses will be able to access data from the San Juan Mountains and run the SNTHERM model with local meteorological and radiative data to predict snowpack properties.