Novel Framework Materials and their Fundamental Properties at High Pressure

DMR-0800415该项目的目的是使用水热技术和离子溶剂发现新型多孔材料。赋予多孔材料独特的选择性特性的原子结构的表征将通过原位研究其结构（包括在高压下）并揭示负责存储和选择性的一般机制来完成。 将继续开发同步加速器X射线和中子设施的样品室，在这些设施中，穿透光束可在其工作条件下对材料进行研究。这些器件可用于固态和材料化学界。能量储存和废物清理所需的转化材料需要多种方法来合成和研究其结构。 用于气体储存和有毒离子螯合的解决方案可以包括在高压下操作以增加其容量的新型合成多孔材料。相对较少的研究集中在原位衍射，离开材料的操作条件下的存储机制在很大程度上未解决。研究生将在斯托尼布鲁克和国家实验室进行跨学科的培训。PI和他的团队积极通过向公众和萨福克县高中教师举办的年度讲座将科学带给更广泛的受众。该研究提出了合成化学和高压研究的桥梁，这是凝聚态研究中一个新兴的领域。%针对下半个世纪的能源挑战提出的解决方案包括在极端条件下（包括压力）合成、操作和处理材料。使用极端条件的例子包括在深层储层中封存二氧化碳和在高压下将氢储存在多孔材料中的潜力。虽然在室温压力下表征多孔材料很方便，但对压力引起的变化的理解对于正在合成的新材料类别的实际应用的开发至关重要。参与的研究生将在“极端条件”研究中探索一个新的世界，这需要新的合成和表征工具，包括能够穿透我们开发的细胞的最先进的同步加速器X射线和中子散射技术。 与广大社区的外联活动将提高人们对需要转型材料以解决全球问题的认识。 这些想法被提炼成一个新生研讨会“关于人类”，强调科学家如何看待世界，进入环境化学本科课程和研究生课程。这些努力将每年向公众展示，作为周五晚上系列讲座的一部分，在夏季教师培训课程和高中学生。

DMR-0800415 The aim of this project is to discover novel materials as porous materials using hydrothermal techniques and ionic solvents. Characterization of the atomic architectures, which impart the selective properties unique to porous materials, will be accomplished by studying their structures in situ, including at high pressures, and uncovering general mechanisms responsible for storage and selectivity. The development of sample cells at synchrotron X-ray and neutron facilities, where the penetrating beams allow studies of materials under their operating conditions, will be continued. These devices are available to the solid-state and materials chemistry community. Transformational materials needed for energy storage and waste clean up require a varied approach for their synthesis and for studies of their structures. Solutions for gas storage and toxic ion sequestration may include novel synthetic porous materials operating at high-pressures to increase their capacity. Relatively few studies focus on in situ diffraction, leaving the storage mechanism under the material's operating conditions largely unaddressed. Graduate students will train in interdisciplinary settings at Stony Brook and at the national laboratories. The PI and his group are active in bringing science to a wider audience through well-attended annual lectures to the public and Suffolk County high-school teachers. The research proposed bridges synthetic chemistry and high-pressure research, a burgeoning field in condensed matter research in general.%%%Proposed solutions to the energy challenges of the next half centaury include the synthesis, manipulation and disposal of materials at extreme conditions, including pressure. Examples of the use of extreme conditions include the sequestration of carbon dioxide in deep reservoirs and the potential to store hydrogen in porous materials at high pressure. While characterization of porous materials at room pressure is convenient, the understanding of the pressure-induced changes is pivotal to the development of real-world applications for new classes of materials being synthesized. The graduate students involved will explore a new world in "extreme conditions" research that requires new tools for synthesis and characterization, including state-of-the-art synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering techniques capable of penetrating the cells we develop. Outreach to a broad community will raise awareness of the need for transformational materials to address global issues. These ideas are distilled into a freshmen seminar "On being human" which emphasizes how scientists view the world, into undergraduate courses on environmental chemistry and graduate courses. These endeavors will be presented annually to the public as part of a Friday-night lecture series, in a summer teacher training course and to high school students.