Doctoral Dissertation Resarch: Gender Roles and Ethnicity in Transnational Migration

Elizabeth Heger Boyle PI和Erika buss明尼苏达大学目前关于性别和移民的文献在性别等级方面提供了不同的发现。一些学者发现，移民为性别转变打开了空间，而另一些学者则发现，移民强化了父权制度。此外，强调移徙性别性质的学者迄今主要关注居住在接收国的移民。在接收和发送社会中研究跨国社区的研究人员没有解决夫妻关系转变的问题。本研究比较了秘鲁三种类型的家庭：丈夫主导的迁移、妻子主导的迁移和家庭统一迁移，并重点关注以下问题：跨国家庭中父权关系加剧或缓和的机制是什么？因此，本研究旨在解决文献中关于跨国关系是否重申或侵蚀性别等级的矛盾。其假设是，父权关系会在形式和社会舞台上发生变化，但不一定会消失。这项研究是在美国和秘鲁进行的多地点民族志田野调查。我不仅考察了美国的家庭和个人，还考察了他们在秘鲁的亲戚，从而观察到在每种类型的家庭中，男人和女人在关系中施加和抵制权力的策略。由于这些机制存在于不同的社会领域，本研究侧重于家庭、社区层面和跨国联系中的这些动态。研究者对美国和秘鲁同一家庭的多名成员进行了深入的访谈和密集的参与性观察。在此过程中，本研究调查了家庭的性别结构及其与有关家庭的种族结构的相互联系。研究分三个阶段进行。第一阶段（2006年在新泽西州帕特森）和第二阶段（2007年在秘鲁）包括66次访谈（32次对女性，34次对男性）和对每种类型家庭的人种学观察。第三阶段和最后阶段将在新泽西州帕特森（2008年）。这项研究做出了重要贡献，因为它将家庭置于分析的中心，突出了家庭作为性别和种族观念和实践在跨国主义中形成和重塑的场所的作用。这项研究还将为创建研究生活在两个（或更多国家）的家庭的方法学工具奠定基础。最后，研究结果将向更多的受众开放，包括为美国和秘鲁的移民家庭和社区提供服务的组织。

Elizabeth Heger Boyle PI and Erika BusseUniversity of MinnesotaCurrent iterature on gender and migration provides divergent findings regarding gender hierarchies. Some scholars find that migration opens room for gender transformations, while others find that it reinforces patriarchal systems. Further, scholars who emphasize the gendered nature of migration have to date focused primarily on immigrants living in the receiving country. Researchers who study transnational communities in both the receiving and sending societies do not address the question of transformations in husband-wife relationships. This research compares three types of Peruvian families: husband-leading migration, wife-leading migration, and family unity migration, and focuses on the question: What are the mechanisms that exacerbate or moderate patriarchal relations in transnational families? Thus, this research aims to resolve a contradiction in the literature about whether transnational connections reaffirm or erode gender hierarchies. The hypothesis is that patriarchal relations will change in form and social arena but will not necessarily go away. This research is a multi-site ethnographic fieldwork in the U.S. and Peru. Examining not only families and individuals located in the United States, but also their relatives in Peru, allows me to observe strategies adopted by men and women to impose and resist power in their relationships in each type of family. As these mechanisms are present in different social arenas, this research focuses on these dynamics in households, at the community level, and through transnational connections. The investigator conducts in-depth interviewing with and intensive participant observation of multiple members of the same family in the U.S. and in Peru. In so doing, this research investigates the gendered structure of the family and its interconnections with ethnic constructions pertaining to family. The research occurs in three phases. The first (Paterson, NJ in 2006) and the second phases (in Peru 2007) consist of 66 interviews (32 with women and 34 with men) and ethnographic observations within each type of family. The third and last phase will be in Paterson, NJ (2008).This study makes an important contribution in that it places family at the center of the analysis, highlighting the family's role as a site where gender and ethnic ideas and practices are shaped and reshaped in transnationalism. This study will also provide a foundation for creating methodological tools to study families living in two (or more countries). Finally, study findings will be made accessible to a larger audience, including organizations that serve migrant families and communities both in the U.S. and in Peru.