Expanding the Capabilities of Photoelectron Spectroscopy as to Reveal the Coupling of Different Degrees of Freedom in Complex Electron Systems

具有不寻常性质的复杂电子系统，如磁场中的磁性和超导性或大电阻率，有望带来革命性的技术应用。这些系统的一个统一特征是能够展示由电荷、晶体结构和磁性等几个内在特性的相互作用和竞争引起的壮观和意想不到的现象。揭开这种相互作用的细节将有助于我们理解复杂材料功能背后的物理原理。该项目旨在培养新型氧化物材料，并利用光学和x射线技术对其进行原位研究。还将对先前表征的系统进行研究，以便进行比较。不同的任务和项目活动的设计目标是接触到本科生和高中生，为科学基础设施做出贡献，并将科学与教育结合起来。教育/研究项目将允许从高中到研究生水平的学生参与。该项目的智能基础设施有望帮助开发新的磁性和超导器件。过渡金属氧化物如铜高温超导体和巨磁阻锰矿石是典型的复杂电子系统，具有不同寻常的性质，具有革命性的技术应用前景。这些系统的一个统一特征是能够展示由电荷、晶格和自旋等几个内在性质的相互作用和竞争引起的壮观和意想不到的现象。揭开这种相互作用的细节将巩固我们对复杂材料功能背后的物理学的理解。该项目有两个主要目标，即1)利用分子束外延和原位角度分辨光发射研究二元氧化物，Fe3O4, VOx， EuO和V2O3的生长，这将作为研究更复杂材料中的多体物理的模型系统；2)在表征良好的系统上进行时间分辨光发射实验，使用超快光学技术和/或x射线。或者其相互作用的性质已经通过静态测量进行了广泛的研究。在具有良好特征的系统上实现这些目标，将为将项目扩展到更复杂的材料形成坚实的经验体系。不同的任务和项目活动的设计目标是接触到本科生和高中生，为科学基础设施做出贡献，并将科学与教育结合起来。教育/研究项目将允许从高中到研究生水平的学生参与。该项目的智能基础设施有望帮助开发新的磁性和超导器件。

Non-technical AbstractComplex electron systems with unusual properties, such as magnetism and superconductivity or large resistivity in a magnetic field, promise revolutionary technological applications. A unifying characteristic of these systems is the capability of exhibiting spectacular and unexpected phenomena arising from the interplay and competition of several intrinsic properties such as charge, crystal structure and magnetism. Unraveling the details of this interplay will help us understand the physics behind the functionality of complex materials. This project pursues the objectives of growing novel oxide materials and studying them in-situ with optical and x-ray techniques. Studies of previously characterized systems will also be made for comparison. The different tasks and project activities are designed with the goals to reach out to undergraduate and high school students, contribute to science infrastructure and integrate science and education. Educational/research programs will be available to allow the participation of students ranging from high school to graduate level. Intellectual infrastructure of this project is expected to aid in the development of new magnetic and superconducting devices.Technical AbstractTransition metal oxides such as cuprate high temperature superconductors and colossal magnetoresistive manganites are prototypical complex electron systems with unusual properties promising revolutionary technological applications. A unifying characteristic of these systems is the capability of exhibiting spectacular and unexpected phenomena arising from the interplay and competition of several intrinsic properties such as charge, lattice and spin. Unraveling the details of this interplay will consolidate our understanding of the physics at play behind the functionality of complex materials. This project pursues two main objectives, namely the carrying out of 1) the growth with Molecular Beam Epitaxy and in-situ Angle Resolved Photoemission studies of binary oxides, Fe3O4, VOx, EuO and V2O3, which will function as models systems for studying the many-body physics at play in more complex materials, and 2) time-resolved photoemission experiments on well-characterized systems, either with ultrafast optical techniques and/or x-rays, or whose nature of the interactions has already been extensively investigated with static measurements. The accomplishment of these goals on well-characterized systems will form a solid body of experience for extending the project to more complex materials. The different tasks and project activities are designed with the goals to reach out to undergraduate and high school students, contribute to science infrastructure and integrate science and education. Educational/research programs will be available to allow the participation of students ranging from high school to graduate level. Intellectual infrastructure of this project is expected to aid in the development of new magnetic and superconducting devices.