Geschichte der Humangenetik in Deutschland nach 1945 im internationalen Kontext.

人类遗传学是一门具有两面性的科学：一方面，人类遗传学的概念经常影响社会和政治事件，另一方面，它的发展受到各种政治力量的影响。今天，人类遗传学开始于孟德尔定律的重新发现(1900年)，第一种遗传病碱尿症的发现(1902年)，或者是基因和表型的概念(1909年)。作为一个跨学科的领域，它处理人类可遗传信息，如细胞遗传学(生物学家W.Flemming于1879年)和分子遗传学(DNA作为遗传信息由内科医生O.Avery)。随着J.Watson和F.Crick(1953)对DNA三维结构的描述，人类可遗传信息的解密开始了。这最终导致了由英美科学家主导的人类基因组计划。该项目要求德国科学家从比较的角度做出贡献。人类遗传学的职业化取决于创办期刊和科学学会，通过建立人类遗传学教授职位，通过融入医学教育。该项目寻求在德国和英美国家的实现方式。1945年前，人类遗传学主要由优生学和种族卫生学主导，并用于国家目的。在德国。这一点可以在人口政策中清楚地表现出来；人类遗传学的真实或假想知识被用来实现政治目的。如果1945年后的社会政治问题也是如此，如核能、堕胎、沙利度胺和产前诊断，该项目将回答这一问题。令人感兴趣的不仅是人类遗传学中的科学话语，而且是在公众中的表现。此外，人类遗传学家的参与，如明斯特的W.Lenz参与关于沙利度胺的公开讨论，也将是研究的一部分。最后一个问题是，1945年前的历史是否被用作人类遗传学实际讨论的论述的论点。口述历史将被用作弥补法律限制对个人档案的限制的一种方法，但也将被用于对文献和其他媒体的分析的历史解释。其目的是洞察1945年后人类遗传学在所有影响下的发展，可视化个人关系和网络，表征科学的发展并反映其社会影响。主要焦点将放在1945年至1970年左右。

Human Genetics is a science with two sides: on one side concepts of human genetics have often influenced social and political events, on the other side its development has been influenced by various political forces. However, continuities and discontinuities, breaks and changes varied with national settings.Todays human genetics had begun either with the rediscovery of the Mendelian Laws (1900), the discovery of the first heredity disease Alkaptonuria (1902) or the terms genotype and phenotype (1909). As an interdisciplinary field it deals with the human heritable information as in cytogenetic (1879 by biologist W. Flemming) and molecular genetics (DNA as hereditary information by physician O. Avery). With the description of the three-dimensional structure of the DNA by J. Watson and F. Crick (1953) the decryption of the human heritable information began. This ended up in the Human Genome Project that was dominated by Anglo-American scientists. The project asks for the contribution of German scientists in a comparative perspective.The professionalization of human genetics is determined by founding journals and a scientific society, by establishing professorships in human genetics and by integration in the medical education. The project asks for the way of realization in Germany and Anglo-American Countries. Before 1945 human genetics was dominated by eugenics and race hygiene and used for state purposes f.e. in Germany. This can be clearly shown in the population policy; real or supposed knowledge in human genetics was used to gain political aims. If this is also true for socio-political questions after 1945 like nuclear power, abortion, thalidomide and prenatal diagnostic will be answered in the project. Of interest is not only the scientific discourse in human genetics, but also the representation in the public. Also the participation of human geneticists, like W. Lenz of Muenster in the public discussion on thalidomide, will be part of the research. The closing question is, whether the history before 1945 was used as an argument in the discourse on actual discussions in human genetics.Oral History will be used as a method to compensate that legal restrictions constrict personal files in archives, but also historical interpretation for analysis of literature and other media. The intention is to get an insight in the development of human genetics after 1945 with all influences and to visualize the personal relationships and networks, to characterize the development of science and to reflect the social implications.The main focus will be on the time between 1945 and about 1970.