MRI: Acquisition of Portable Extreme Temperature-Pressure System

非技术摘要想象一下，我们可以探索一个巨大的压力(P)和温度(T)场，相当于将整个地球从表面传播到其中心的条件。在这一领域，将发现无数新材料、新特性和新现象，我们可获得的材料基础将增加一倍或两倍，许多新发现可以恢复到环境条件下，用于实际应用和造福人类。如果我们有适当的探测工具，这一愿景是可以实现的；拟议的用于创造极端P-T条件和进行现场调查的便携式系统将朝着这一目标取得关键进展。我们提议获得一种结合了加热激光和多功能探头的便携式系统。该系统的设计充分利用了光纤激光器和探测器技术的最新突破。其高度便携的头部没有手持手电筒那么大，但功率如此之大，以至于它可以在高于太阳表面温度的高压容器中加热样品，并检测一整套光谱。为了将极端的P-T样品带到国内进行深入研究，便携性至关重要-S拥有最强大的同步加速器、中子、光谱和电磁设施。拟议中的系统的开发将影响我们对物质物理和化学的基础知识，将揭开地球和行星内部的深层秘密，并将有助于我们对新技术材料的探索。技术摘要该提案寻求资金，以获得和开发便携式极端温度(T)-压力(P)系统，用于高达10000 K和数百Gpa的广泛材料研究。其基本特征是便携性、宽广的温度范围，以及由两个光纤激光器和各种探头和探测器组成的模块化设计。该仪器将用于原位高T-P拉曼光谱、常规和同步红外光谱、布里渊光谱、中子衍射、轴向和径向X射线衍射、X射线吸收光谱、X射线拉曼光谱和非弹性X射线散射光谱。该系统将在直径大于30微米的样品区域提供稳定的激光加热，在500-10,000 K温度范围内进行可靠的温度测量，并具有便携性、灵活性、自给自足控制和内置安全功能等优势。该综合仪器包括镜头、光纤激光器、红外和紫外光谱照相模块、红外和可见光CCD摄像机以及控制系统。高T-P能力与众多分析探头的结合将使人们能够以极大的提高分辨率发现和探索各种化学和物理现象。因此，这一新仪器将照亮物理、化学、材料科学、地球科学、行星科学和生物学等新的和现有的研究领域。拟议的系统还将通过为更广泛的社区提供新的实验技术来加强同步辐射和其他主要国家设施的能力，并在这些设施培训新的科学家，从而大大促进基础设施的发展。

Non-technical AbstractImagine we could explore an enormous pressure (P) and temperature (T) field equivalent to the conditions spreading the entire Earth from the surface to its very center. In this field, countless new materials, properties, and phenomena would be discovered, our accessible materials base would be doubled or tripled, and many of the novel discoveries could be recovered to ambient conditions for practical use and the benefit of mankind. This vision could be realized if we had the proper exploration tool; the proposed portable system for creating the extreme P-T conditions and conducting in-situ investigation would make a key advancement toward this goal.We propose to acquire a portable system that combines both a heating laser and versatile probes. The design of the system takes advantage of recent breakthroughs in fiber laser and detector technology. Its highly portable head is no bigger than a handheld flashlight, yet so powerful that it can heat samples in a high-pressure vessel beyond the temperatures on the surface of the Sun, and detect a complete set of optical spectra. Portability is essential for bringing the extreme P-T samples for in-depth investigations at the nation?s most powerful synchrotron, neutron, spectroscopic and electromagnetic facilities. Development of the proposed system will impact our fundamental knowledge of physics and chemistry of matter, will unravel the deep secrets in Earth and planetary interiors, and will contribute to our quest for novel technological materials.Technical AbstractThis proposal seeks funds to acquire and develop a portable extreme temperature (T)-pressure (P) system for a broad range of materials studies to 10,000 K and several hundreds of GPa. The essential features are portability, a broad temperature range, and a modular design consisting of two fiber lasers and various probes and detectors. This instrument will be used for in-situ high T-P Raman spectroscopy, conventional and synchrotron IR spectroscopy, Brillouin spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, axial and radial x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray Raman spectroscopy, and inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy. The system will provide stable laser heating on a sample area greater than 30 µm in diameter, and will have reliable temperature measurement from 500-10,000 K, along with the advantages of portability, flexibility, self-sufficient control, and built-in safety features. The integrated instrument contains a microscope head, fiber lasers, IR and UV spectral radiograph modules, IR and visible CCD cameras, and a control system. The coupling of high T-P capabilities with numerous analytical probes will allow a wide variety of chemical and physical phenomena to be discovered and explored with greatly improved resolution. As a consequence, this new instrument will illuminate new and existing areas of research in physics, chemistry, materials science, geoscience, planetary science, and biology. The proposed system will also contribute significantly to infrastructure development by enhancing capabilities at synchrotron radiation and other major national facilities with new experimental techniques for the broader community and the training of new scientists at these facilities.