Board on Research Data and Information

国家科学院通过国家研究理事会的政策和全球事务部建立研究数据和信息委员会联邦政府机构每年公开投资数十亿美元，以产生或外部资助产生巨大和多样化的数据流，作为对研究企业的投入。他们还生产或资助创建数量不断增加的科学信息--包括同行评议和“灰色”文献--这些信息体现了大部分研究成果的结果。作为国家这些数字研究资产的管理者或资助者，他们在不断改进其管理、政策和利用方面具有重大利益。尽管在生产研究数据和信息方面支出巨大，但用于管理、保存、传播和再利用数据和信息资源的投资和政策是滞后的，而且普遍被认为是不够的。在这方面，在研究系统的不同层面上出现了许多悬而未决的问题，影响到既定的研究战略和优先事项。它们不仅涉及科学和技术因素，而且还涉及体制、经济、法律和社会文化方面。最普遍的功能失调发生在跨学科、跨部门和国际边界以及公私伙伴关系中。成功管理和利用数字知识资源的问题可能会产生重大的负面影响，如国家研究和创新体系的结构性低效和机会成本损失，我们的经济竞争力，以及更大的社会福利。由于研究数据和信息对科学进步和国家在知识经济中的竞争力具有重要意义，这些问题需要我国研究企业的各个利益相关者充分认识。与此相关的人不仅包括政府、学术界和工业界的研究社区，也包括政府和国会的研究政策制定者和管理人员，以及最终支持这些活动并从其提高的有效性中受益的公众。新的研究数据和信息委员会将通过国家研究理事会(NRC)采取行动，建立一个跨学科的咨询机制和协调中心，以便更好地了解和了解这些问题，为国家科学基金会和其他赞助商在这些领域的目标和优先事项增加价值，并在预算日益紧张的情况下帮助提高联邦机构的投资回报。研究数据和信息委员会将保持对这一领域的监督，并提出可能在核研究中心采取的举措，以应对与委员会赞助者特别感兴趣的具有国家和国际意义的挑战。该委员会将参与在其主持下启动的项目的规划、项目开发和行政监督，处理数字数据和信息的管理、政策和使用，为科学和更广泛的社会服务。作为第一年活动的一部分，它将组织和举办一次关于数字时代开放知识环境的未来的全国研讨会和讲习班，以及一次关于设计微生物研究共享空间的国际研讨会。

National Academies Establish Board on Research Data and Information through National Research Council's Policy and Global Affairs DivisionFederal government agencies make public investments of many billions of dollars each year in producing or externally funding the generation of huge and diverse data streams as inputs into the research enterprise. They also produce or fund the creation of ever-increasing volumes of scientific information?both peer-reviewed and "gray" literature?that embodies the results of much of the research output. As the nation's stewards or funders of these digital research assets, they have a major stake in continually improving their management, policies, and utilization. Despite the large expenditures on producing research data and information, the investments and policies for managing, preserving, disseminating, and reusing the data and information resources are lagging and are generally perceived to be inadequate. Many unresolved issues arise at different levels of the research system in this regard, affecting established research strategies and priorities. They involve not just scientific and technical elements, but institutional, economic, legal, and socio-cultural aspects. The most pervasive dysfunctions occur at the interdisciplinary, inter-sectoral, and international boundaries, and in public-private partnerships. The problems in successfully managing and using digital knowledge resources can have significant negative effects, such as structural inefficiencies and lost opportunity costs for our national research and innovation systems, our economic competitiveness, and the greater social welfare.Because research data and information are of great importance to the progress of science and the nation's competitiveness in the knowledge-based economy, these issues need to be well understood by the various stakeholders in our nation's research enterprise. Those who have a stake in this include not only the research communities in government, academia and industry, but also research policymakers and managers in the Administration and Congress, and ultimately the public that both support these activities and the benefit from their improved effectiveness. Acting through the National Research Council (NRC), the new Board on Research Data and Information will establish an interdisciplinary advisory mechanism and focal point for bringing greater understanding and visibility to these issues, for adding value to the National Science Foundation's and other sponsors' objectives and priorities in these areas, and for helping to improve returns on the federal agencies' investments in a time of increasingly constrained budgets. The Board on Research Data and Information will maintain surveillance of the field and propose initiatives that might be undertaken at the NRC, targeted at challenges of national and international significance of particular interest to the board's sponsors. The Board will engage in planning, program development, and administrative oversight of projects launched under its auspices, dealing with the management, policy, and use of digital data and information for science and the broader society. As part of its activities in the first year, it will organize and hold a national symposium and workshop on The Future of Open Knowledge Environments in the Digital Age and an international symposium on Designing Microbial Research Commons.