Doctoral Dissertation Research: Rural Communities, Mining, and Globalization

加里保罗格林迈克尔L.危地马拉、萨尔瓦多和洪都拉斯在1990年代中期试图融入全球经济，部分是通过对矿业部门的外国直接投资。 通过金矿开采将农村社区在空间上纳入全球经济，这激发了该地区公民对采矿项目的反对。 随着这些反采矿运动在中美洲蓬勃发展，各国政府做出了严厉的回应，以安抚外国投资者。 然而，具有讽刺意味的是，由于国家和民间社会在采矿问题上针锋相对，这种政治不稳定阻碍了外国对其他经济部门的投资。 采矿业带动的市场一体化使中美洲的投资环境对那些通过创造就业、技术和学习溢出效应以及与其他经济部门的联系对经济作出最大贡献的外国直接投资的吸引力下降。 关于全球化与发展的重要文献？依附学派、新古典主义框架和发展主义国家文学都不能解释这一悖论的出现。 相反，这些案例可能构成新自由主义时代以矿产为主导的市场一体化新模式的出现，国家、企业和社区之间的关系将重新配置。 用政治过程理论来构建公民反对派，用公共选择理论来构建国家干预，以及对全球黄金开采业的商品链分析，可能有助于阐明这种重构。 为了探讨这一发展悖论的核心，国家与公民社会之间的对峙，本文提出了两个研究问题：1）农村社区如何通过金矿开采融入全球经济？2）这些政府如何就其对公民社会的社会契约义务与其对外国资本的契约义务进行谈判？ 数据收集将包括在这三个国家的农村社区进行为期12个月的人种学实地考察，以及与政府、采矿业和民间社会的关键线人进行访谈。 这项研究的进步发现和社会学知识的探索的限制？大理论？在当前全球黄金业结构调整、跨国和国家社会运动的增长以及新自由主义外国直接投资政策的政治参数的背景下，发展和全球化的趋势日益严峻。这项研究的结果将通过大学课程、公开讲座和由IARNA提供便利的西班牙语出版物传播。

Gary Paul GreenMichael L. DoughertyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonGuatemala, El Salvador and Honduras sought to integrate into the global economy in the mid 1990s, in part, through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the mineral sector. Spatially incorporating rural communities into the global economy through gold mining has galvanized civic opposition to mining projects in the region. As these anti-mining movements have blossomed across Central America, governments have responded harshly to reassure foreign investors. Ironically, however, as state and civil society determinedly confront each other over the mining issue, this political instability has discouraged foreign investment in other economic sectors. Mining-led market integration has made Central America a less attractive investment environment for the kinds of FDI that best contribute to the economy through job creation, technology and learning spillovers, and linkages with other economic sectors. The prominent literatures on globalization and development?the dependency school, the neoclassical frame, and the developmentalist state literature, do not account for the emergence of this paradox. Instead, these cases may constitute the emergence of a new model of mineral-led market integration in the neoliberal era, where relationships between states, firms and communities are reconfigured. Incorporating political process theory to frame civic opposition, public choice theory to frame state intervention, and a commodity chain analysis of the global gold mining industry may help illuminate this reconfiguration. To explore the stand-off between state and civil society at the core of this development paradox, this dissertation poses two research questions: 1) how do rural communities make sense of their integration into the global economy through gold mining? And 2) how do these governments negotiate their social contractual obligations to civil society with their contractual obligations to foreign capital? Data collection will involve twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural communities in these three nations, as well as interviews with key informants in government, the mining sector, and civic society. This research advances discovery and sociological knowledge by probing the limits of the ?grand theories? of development and globalization in the context of current restructuring in the global gold industry, the growth of transnational and national social movements, and the political parameters of neoliberal foreign direct investment policies. The results of this research will be disseminated through university courses, public lectures, and Spanish-language publications facilitated by IARNA.