Control of speech and nonspeech respiratory, phonatory and oral movements: clinical studies

这项拟议的项目是我们目前对语音运动的神经和功能组织研究的扩展。在该项目的第一个研究阶段，我们能够收集到样本数量、调查程序的高标准以及所分析特征的全面性的特殊数据集。这些数据可以全面描述不同言语和非言语任务条件下运动言语装置的自愿技能，包括所有年龄段的神经学健康成年人(N&gt；120)和患有神经运动障碍的个体(N&gt；100)。本扩展项目包括三项研究，旨在实现以下目标：(I)使用高级统计分析，我们旨在调查言语和非言语任务的因素结构，并验证(言语和非言语)因素对沟通变量清晰度、自然度和(时间)效率的预测价值。这些分析的结果将使我们能够实施分类程序，分别对关节功能障碍和特定的关节功能障碍进行自动声学检测。(研究1)(Ii)由于第一个研究期内苍白球(GPI)的原发性肌张力障碍和脑深部刺激(DBS)患者包括在内，我们现在有机会将我们的研究范式扩展到一个从神经生理学角度特别感兴趣的星座。在比较STIM-ON和STIM-OFF的情况下，我们将能够检验目前讨论的一个假说，根据该假说，良好学习的、自动的和新的、非习惯性的运动序列涉及不同的基底节控制回路。(研究2)(Iii)我们最终将扩展我们的核心研究问题，以解决一个进一步的理论和临床上有趣的案例：我们将检验一个假设，即单一(孤立)语音的产生依赖于非语音运动控制机制，因此符合非语音任务的需求轮廓。这一实验结果将对我们从理论上理解语音作为语音产生的核心单位，以及在语音障碍(言语失用、失语症的语音输出障碍)的评估和治疗中使用单一语音的临床实践都具有重要的意义。(研究3)。

The proposed project is an extension of our current study of the neural and functional organisation of speech movements. During the first research period of the project we were able to collect a data set that is exceptional for its sample size, its high standard of investigation procedures as well as the comprehensiveness of the analysed features. These data allow for a thorough description of the voluntary skills of the motor speech apparatus under different speech and non-speech task conditions, both in neurologically healthy adults of all ages (N > 120) and in individuals with neurological movement disorders (N > 100).The extension project proposed here comprises three studies that pursue the following objectives:(i) Using advanced statistical analyses we aim to investigate the factorial structures of the speech and non-speech tasks and to validate the (speech and non-speech) factors for their predictive value regarding the communicative variables intelligibility, naturalness and (temporal) efficiency. The results of these analyses will enable us to implement classificatory procedures for the automatic acoustic detection of a dysarthric disorder and specific dysarthric features, respectively. (Study 1)(ii) As patients with primary dystonia and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Globus pallidus internus (GPi) were included in the first research period, we are now afforded the opportunity to extend our research paradigm to a constellation, which is of particular interest from a neurophysiological perspective. In comparing Stim-ON and Stim-OFF conditions we will be able to test a hypothesis currently discussed, according to which well-learned, automatic and new, non-habitual motor sequences involve different basal ganglia control circuits. (Study 2)(iii) We will finally expand our core research question to address a further, theoretically and clinically interesting case: we will test the hypothesis that the production of single (isolated) speech sounds relies on non-speech motor control mechanisms and therefore corresponds to the requirement profiles of non-speech tasks. The results of this experiment will have important implications both for our theoretical understanding of speech sounds as core units in speech production and for the well-established clinical practice to use single speech sounds in the assessment and treatment of speech sound disorders (apraxia of speech, phonological output disorders in aphasia). (Study 3).