Interfacing Major Field Experiments with Physical Parameterizations in Atmospheric General Circulation Models

必须在气候模式中很好地描述的一个重要物理过程是水平动量输送。这就是这个项目的动机，该项目的目标是改进和验证全球气候模型中的动量输送方案。为此，PI将从主要现场活动中开发大范围强迫和水平动量的次网格源和汇的综合数据集。这些将被用来强制和评估单柱模式(SCM)、云系解析模式(CSRM)和物理参数化以改进大气环流模式(GCM)。首席调查员(PI)将使用一种新的变分方法，基于他的小组以前使用气球探空阵列对温度和水的平流趋势进行的研究，以分析大气动量收支，其中将保留干空气和水蒸气质量、热焓和动量的列积分守恒。将为热带地区的四个现场实验，热带海洋全球大气/耦合海洋大气响应实验(TOGA-COARE)，夸贾林实验(KWAJEX)，南中国海风实验(SCSMEX)，热带暖池-国际云实验(热带暖池-国际云实验)和几个中纬度地区(能源部(南大平原大气辐射计划(ARM-SGP)站点))导出表观动量源和汇。数据产品的不确定性将通过敏感性研究和观测模拟系统实验(OSSE)进行量化。开发的综合数据产品将用于回答三个主要问题：(A)在什么大尺度条件下，次网格动量输送是升级换代；在什么条件下，它是降级换代？(B)动量输送的GCM参数化与观测值相比如何？(C)如何改进大气模式中的动量源/汇参数。这项工作的更广泛影响是促进了我们对观测到的大气动量源和动量汇的理解，以及它们在气候模型中更好的参数化，这对于它们预测未来的气候变化以及热带大气变异性的机制是必要的。一名博士后和一名研究生将接受研究方面的指导和培训。

An important physical process that must be well represented in climate models is horizontal momentum transport. This is the motivation for this project, the goal of which is to improve and validate momentum transport schemes in global climate models. Toward this end, the PI will develop integrated datasets, from major field campaigns, of large-scale forcing and sub-grid sources and sinks of horizontal momentum. These will be used to force and evaluate Single Column Models (SCM), Cloud System Resolving Models (CSRM), and physical parameterizations to improve General Circulation Models (GCM). The Principal Investigator (PI) will use a new variational approach, based on his group's previous research on advective tendencies of temperature and water using balloon sounding arrays, to analyze atmospheric momentum budgets in which column-integrated conservations of dry air and water vapor mass, enthalpy and momentum will be preserved. Apparent momentum sources and sinks will be derived for four field experiments in the tropics, the Tropical Ocean Global Atmospheres/Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE), The Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX), The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX), and the Tropical Warm Pool - International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) and several in the middle latitudes (the Department of Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Program Southern Great Plains (ARM-SGP) sites). Uncertainties of the data products will be quantified through sensitivity studies and Observational Simulation System Experiments (OSSE). The developed integrated data products will be used to answer three main questions: (a) Under what large-scale conditions is subgrid momentum transport upscale and under what conditions is it downscale? (b) How do GCM parameterizations of momentum transport compare with observations? (c) How can we improve the momentum source/sink parameterizations in atmospheric models. Broader impacts of this work are in advancing our understanding of atmospheric momentum sources and sinks from observations and their better parameterizations in climate models, which is necessary for them to predict future climate changes, and of the mechanism of atmospheric variability in the tropics. A postdoc and a graduate student will be mentored and trained in research.