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The mechanism of the preferential elution and the runoff of the major ion in acidic snow melting water by acid shock in the snow field of Japan

日本雪场酸冲击酸性融雪水中主要离子优先洗脱及径流机制

基本信息

批准号：
10680450
负责人：
SATOW Kazuhide
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Nagaoka National College of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680450/
关键词：
acid snow (acid rain)acid shock melting snow acidic substance ion concentration pH イオン分別

项目摘要

(1) A change of ion concentration of the snow in winter seasonThere is melting snow even in winter in the warm place as Honshu, Japan, and it is indistinct in what kind of process acid matters will flow out of the snow. The physical and chemical analyses of the snow are carried out to grasp the real details of acid shock in such area, and to make clear behavior of the melted snow water and preferential elution process of major ions in the snow. The following conclusion were obtained.1) Sulfate and nitrate ions move faster in the snow, and are easy to flow out of the snow than other ions. On the other hand, ammonium ion continuously exists by the constant concentration in the snow.2) Melting snow water exists in the snow field in Nagaoka city by the winter season, and ions flow out of the snow continuously. Therefore, an extreme acid shock as happening in North Europe and North America is hard to happen in this region as Nagaoka.(2) Experiments by gravity effect of major ions in water solutionBy field observations and melting snow experiments, a difference among ions occurred at effluence speed of an ion in the snow. To investigate the cause, experiments were made to examine the mass difference among ions in a water solution namely the difference of effluence process of ion seeds by gravity effect. The biggest sulfate ion in formula weight showed a tendency same as tendency by gravity effect among major ions, though there was a problem of precision.

(1)冬季雪中离子浓度的变化在日本本州这样温暖的地方，即使在冬季也会有融化的雪，并且不清楚酸性物质会以何种方式流出雪。通过对雪的理化分析，掌握了该地区酸冲击的真实的细节，弄清了融雪水的行为和雪中主要离子的优先洗脱过程。得出以下结论：1）硫酸根和硝酸根离子在雪中移动速度快，比其他离子更容易流出雪。另一方面，铵离子以恒定浓度持续存在于雪中。2）冬季长冈市雪场存在融雪水，离子不断流出雪中。因此，像北欧和北美那样的极端酸休克很难在长冈这样的地区发生。(2)水溶液中主要离子的重力效应实验通过野外观测和融雪实验，发现不同离子在雪中的出流速度存在差异。为探讨其原因，通过实验研究了水溶液中离子间的质量差异，即重力作用下离子种子流出过程的差异。在主要离子中，分子量最大的硫酸根离子的变化趋势与重力作用的变化趋势一致，但存在精度问题。