SGER: Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to develop methods for the quantitative measurement of calcification rates of planktonic foraminifera

这项探索性研究小额赠款（SGER）将支持快速开发一种新方法来量化南极有孔虫的钙化率。浮游有孔虫是世界上主要的生物碳酸盐生产者。据估计，深海方解石占深海方解石总量的25%至65%。直接定量测定浮游有孔虫的钙化速率是确定碳酸钙（CaCO 3）产生速率的必要条件。全球海洋CaCO 3预算的一个关键组成部分，用于记录今天的基线钙化率？在未来几十年的海洋比较？特别是在那些预计变暖和海洋酸化将大大改变上层海洋的物理和化学环境的地区，以及在CO2扰动实验中研究浮游有孔虫的反应。该项目的首席研究员是位于圣马科斯的加州州立大学的研究员，将在箭牌海洋科学中心与古海洋学家合作（南加州大学）在卡塔利纳岛设计的方法，将提供定量测量的钙化率的潜水员-采集和网捕浮游有孔虫。即将开发的新方法将结合联合收割机她以前使用放射性同位素作为带壳翼足类动物钙化指标的经验，以及箭牌实验室和加州大学戴维斯分校同事使用的技术。由于南加州大学和加州大学戴维斯分校的合作者的收集和培养方法是非常劳动密集型的，因为他们很快就会关闭他们的有孔虫培养设施，这个合作项目很可能是一段时间内这种多学科知识转移的最后机会。这里开发的技术将被出版，新的协议和数据将通过互联网提供（例如，OCB网站和数据库;计划中的IOCCP海洋酸化研究最佳做法指南），以便其他人可以使用这些方法来估算碳酸钙产量、海洋酸化研究、实地测量和其他应用。开发的新方法肯定会对更广泛的社区有很大的用处，特别是在海洋酸化研究（扰动实验和实地种群测量）和海洋碳酸钙循环的构建预算方面。一名本科生和一名研究生将参与卡塔利纳岛工作的各个方面，并与加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员和研究生互动。因为几乎所有的CSUSM学生必须工作，以支持自己，学生的资金是必要的，他们能够参与这个独特的机会。

This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid development of a new method to quantify calcification rates in planktonic foraminifera. Planktonic foraminifera are a major group of biogenic carbonate producers in the world?s oceans, contributing an estimated 25% to 65% of the total deep marine calcite budget. Direct quantitative measurement of calcification rates in planktonic foraminifera is necessary for determination of calciu carbonate (CaCO3) production rates ? a key component of the global ocean CaCO3 budget, for documenting baseline planktonic calcification rates in today?s ocean for comparisons in future decades ? particularly in regions where warming and ocean acidification are projected to substantially change the physical and chemical environment of the upper ocean, and for investigating the response of planktonic foraminifera in CO2-perturbation experiments.The principal investigator on this project, a researcher at the California State University at San Marcos, will work with paleoceanographers this at the Wrigley Marine Science Center (University of Southern California) on Catalina Island to devise methods that will provide quantitative measurements of calcification rates of diver-collected and net-collected planktonic foraminifera. The new methods to be developed would combine her previous experience using radioisotopes as an index of calcification in shelled pteropods with the techniques used by colleagues at the Wrigley Laboratory and the University of California at Davis . Because the collection and culture methods of the USC and UC-Davis collaborators are very labor intensive and because they will soon close down their foraminiferal culturing facility, this collaborative venture is likely to be the last opportunity for this kind of multidisciplinary knowledge transfer for some time.The techniques developed here will be published and new protocols and data made available via the Internet (e.g., OCB web site and data base; planned IOCCP guidelines to best practices in ocean acidification research) so that others may use these methods in developing estimates of CaCO3 production, ocean acidification research, field measurements, and other applications.Broader impacts: The new methods developed are certain to be of great use to the broader community, particularly in ocean acidification research (perturbation experiments and measurements of field populations) and constructing budgets of the oceanic CaCO3 cycle. One undergraduate student and one graduate student will participate in all aspects of the work at Catalina Island and interact with UC Davis researchers and graduate students. Because nearly all CSUSM students must work to support themselves, funds for students are necessary for them to be able to participate in this unique opportunity.