Collaborative Research: An Ocean Observing System for the Bering Strait, the Pacific Gateway to the Arctic - an integral part of the Arctic Observing Network

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助的。最近对白令海峡通过流量的测量发现，强烈的季节性和年际变化，到目前为止还不可预测？从2001年到2004年，热通量的增加足以融化800公里乘以800公里的1米厚的冰层，淡水的年际变化可能约为30%。然而，对通流的性质和可变性的理解仍然很初级，我们准确测量这些通量的能力受到以下因素的限制：无法进入营养最丰富的海峡西半部(位于俄罗斯水域)，以及在上层水柱内部署仪器的困难(由于潜在的冰龙骨破坏仪器)，在上层水柱中，层化和沿海边界流(特别是东部海峡的阿拉斯加沿岸流)对淡水和热通量有很大贡献。鉴于太平洋水域在北极的重要作用，量化白令海峡通流及其特性对于理解北极系统目前的功能非常重要。以及现在和未来北极变化的原因和预测。这使得白令海峡监测系统成为北极观测网络(AON)的重要组成部分。因此，这项建议是为了一个国际项目：1)测量白令海峡通过海峡的流速和水性质，并量化通过该海峡的体积、淡水、热量和营养物质的海洋通量；2)利用现场、卫星和数值天气预报结果，设计(和校准)每日到年度时间尺度上通过白令海峡的海洋通量的最佳监测系统；3)利用系统设计来改进和延长之前对白令海峡通量的估计，并提供所有通量的不确定性估计。为了获得必要的数据，以设计和校准海峡有效、高效的监测系统，该项目重点是为期3年(2010-2013年)的8系泊阵列的部署，并得到CTD年度调查、卫星数据和模型风的支持。该阵列包括海峡两岸和同一气候下的上层和下层温度、盐度和速度测量。台址以北，以及海峡两岸的压力测量。船期和俄罗斯工作许可的获得由NOAA提供支持。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5).Recent measurements of the Bering Strait throughflow fluxes find strong seasonal and interannual variability, so far unpredictable ? the heat flux increase from 2001 to 2004 is enough to melt an 800 km by 800 km area of 1 m thick ice, and the internannual variability in freshwater is likely ~ 30%. Yet, understanding of what sets the properties and variability of the throughflow is still rudimentary and our ability to measure these fluxes accurately is constrained by lack of access to the most nutrient-rich western half of the strait (which lies in Russian waters) and difficulties in deploying instruments within the upper water column (due to potential ice-keel damage to instrumentation), where stratification and coastal boundary currents (especially the Alaskan Coastal Current in the eastern channel) contribute significantly to freshwater and heat fluxes.Given the significant role of Pacific waters in the Arctic, quantifying the Bering Strait throughflow and its properties is important to understanding the present functioning of the Arctic system, as well as the causes and prediction of present and future Arctic change. This makes a Bering Strait monitoring system a vital component of the Arctic Observing Network (AON). Thus, this proposal is for an international project to: 1) measure the velocities and water properties of the Bering Strait throughflow, and quantify oceanic fluxes of volume, freshwater, heat and nutrients through the strait;2) design (and calibrate) an optimum monitoring system for oceanic fluxes through the Bering Strait on daily to interannual time scales, using in situ, satellite, and numerical weather prediction results; and3) utilize the system design to improve and extend previous Bering Strait flux estimates back several decades and provide uncertainty estimates for all fluxes.To obtain the necessary data to design and calibrate an effective, efficient monitoring system for the strait, the project focuses on a 3-year deployment (2010-2013) of an 8-mooring array, supported by annual CTD surveys, satellite data, and model winds. The array includes upper and lower layer temperature, salinity and velocity measurements in both channels of the strait and at one ?climate? site to the north, and across-strait pressure measurements. Ship time and acquisition of Russian working permissions are supported by NOAA.